新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇

新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT22TEXTONEAlthoughitsymbolisesabrightidea,thetraditionalincandescentlightbulbisadud.Itwasteshugeamountsofelectricity,radiating95%oftheenergyitconsumesasheatratherthanlight.Itslifeisalsorelativelyshort,culminatinginadullpopasitsfilamentfractures.Nowateamofresearchershasdevisedalightbulbthatisnotonlymuchmoreenergy-efficient—itisalsoexpectedtolastlongerthanthedevicesintowhichitisinserted.Moreover,thelampcouldbeusedforrear-projectiontelevisionsaswellasgeneralillumination.Thetricktoalongerlife,forlightbulbsatleast,istoensurethatthelamphasnoelectrodes.Althoughelectrodesareundeniablyconvenientforpluggingbulbsdirectlyintothelightingsystem,theyarealsothemainreasonwhylampsfail.Theelectrodeswearout.Theycanreactchemicallywiththegasinsidethelightbulb,makingitgrowdimmer.Theyarealsodifficulttosealintothestructureofthebulb,makingtheruptureofthesesealsanotherpotentialsourceoffailure.ScientistsworkingforCeravision,acompanybasedinMiltonKeynes,inBritain,havedesignedanewformoflampthateliminatestheneedforelectrodes.Theirdeviceusesmicrowavestotransformelectricityintolight.Itconsistsofarelativelysmalllumpofaluminiumoxideintowhichaholehasbeenbored.Whenthealuminiumoxideisbombardedwithmicrowavesgeneratedfromthesamesortofdevicethatpowersamicrowaveoven,aconcentratedelectricfieldiscreatedinsidethevoid.Ifacylindricalcapsulecontainingasuitablegasisinsertedintothehole,theatomsofthegasbecomeionised.Aselectronsaccelerateintheelectricfield,theygainenergythattheypassontotheatomsandmoleculesofthegasastheycollidewiththem,creatingaglowingplasma.Theresultinglightisbright,andtheprocessisenergy-efficient.Indeed,whereastraditionallightbulbsemitjust5%oftheirenergyaslight,andfluorescenttubesabout15%,theCeravisionlamphasanefficiencygreaterthan50%.Becausethelamphasnofilament,thescientistswhodevelopeditthinkitwilllastforthousandsofhoursofuse—inotherwords,fordecades.Moreover,thelightitgeneratescomesfromwhatisalmostasinglepoint,whichmeansthatthebulbscanbeusedinprojectorsandtelevisions.Becauseofthis,thelightismuchmoredirectionalandthelampcouldthusprovemoreefficientthanbulbsthatscatterlightinalldirections.Itslonglifewouldmakethenewlightidealforbuildingsinwhichthearchitecturemakeschanginglightbulbscomplicatedandexpensive.Thelamps'smallsizemakesthemcomparabletolight-emittingdiodesbutthenewlampgeneratesmuchbrighterlightthanthosesemiconductordevicesdo.Asinglemicrowavegeneratorcanbeusedtopowerseverallamps.Anotherenvironmentaladvantageofthenewdesignisthatitdoesnotneedmercury,ahighlytoxicmetalfoundinmostofthebulbsusedtoday,includingenergy-savingfluorescentbulbs,fluorescenttubesandthehigh-pressurebulbsusedinprojectors.AndCeravisionalsoreckonsitshouldbecheaptomake.Withlightingaccountingforsome20%ofelectricityuseworldwide,switchingtoamoreefficientsystemcouldbothsaveenergyandreduceemissionsofclimate-changinggreenhousegases.1．Thefunctionofelectrodesinthetraditionallampisto_____[A]transformelectricityintolightthroughchemicalreactionwiththegasinsidethebulb.[B]sealtheruptureofthestructureofthebulbsoastopreventpotentialfailure.[C]connecttheglasshousingwiththelightingdevice.[D]sealthebulbsintothelightingsystemtoensurethatthebulb’snormalfunction.2.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTUREofthedesignprincipleofthenewlamp?[A]Noelectricityisconductedintothelampfromoutside.[B]Theenergyiscreatedbythecollisionoftheelectronsandatomsandmoleculesofthegas.[C]Thelightiscreatedbytheionizedatomsofthegas.[D]Theelectricityiscreatedastheatomsofthegasareionized.3．Thenewtypeoflampcanbeenergy-efficientbecauseofthefollowingreasonexcept_____[A]thelightitgeneratesfocusesononedirectionindeedofscatterlight.[B]thelightitgeneratesismoreconcentrated.[C]onlymicrowaveactsasthepowersupplierforthelamp.[D]thelightitgeneratesismorebright.4.Thenewlightisidealforsomespecialbuildingsmentionedinthepassagebecause_____[A]thenewlightbulbsarenotsocomplicatednorexpensive.[B]thenewlightbulbsaremoreadvantageousthanthesemiconductordevices.[C]thenewlightbulbscanlastforamuchlongertime.[D]thenewlightbulbsmakeslightchangingeasierandcheaper.5.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthisnewlamp?[A]Itisenvironmentfriendly.[B]Itcanbemadeatalowercost.[C]Itissaferforpeople.[D]Itismulti-purpose.篇章剖析：这篇文章讲述了一种新发明的灯泡。第一段讲述白炽灯的缺点和新灯泡的优点；第二段讲述白炽灯泡不耐用的原因；第三段讲述一家英国公司发明的新灯泡；第四段讲述这种新灯泡的原理；第五、六段讲述新灯泡的优点。词汇注释：incandescentadj.白炽的dudn.（口语）不中用的东西filamentn.灯丝electroden.电极ionisev.电离plasman.等离子体dioden.二极管toxicadj.中毒的，有毒的难句突破：(1)Whenthealuminiumoxideisbombardedwithmicrowavesgeneratedfromthesamesortofdevicethatpowersamicrowaveoven,aconcentratedelectricfieldiscreatedinsidethevoid.[主体句式]Whenthealuminiumoxideisbombardedwith…,aconcentratedelectricfieldis…[结构分析]这是一个复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句，该从句中，that引导的是定语从句用来修饰device。[句子译文]当氧化铝在真空中被微波撞击时（产生该微波的装置和微波炉是一样的），就形成了一个密集电场。(1)Aselectronsaccelerateintheelectricfield,theygainenergythattheypassontotheatomsandmoleculesofthegasastheycollidewiththem,creatingaglowingplasma.[主体句式]Aselectronsaccelerate…,theygainenergy…astheycollide…[结构分析]这是一个复合句，as引导的是时间状语从句；主句中that引导的是定语从句用来修饰energy,as引导的时间状语从句，creat