搜索
20101311ForeignLanguageEducationJan.2010Vol.31No.1(510420):;,,;,:;;;:H030:A:100025544(2010)0120001206Abstract:Thispaperisasurveyofthepragmaticstudiesaboutconflicttalkininteraction.Itfirstintroducesthedefinitionofconflicttalkandsomeofitsdistinguishingfeatures;afteracomprehensivesurveyofrelevantliteraturethemultiplicityofitsterminologyandtheresearchperspectivesarethendiscussed,soastoshowitscomplexityinuse.Finally,theauthorproposessomepotentialtopicsandscopesforfurtherexplorationofconflicttalkfromapragmaticperspective.Keywords:conflicttalk;definition;features;researchtopics1.,(),,,,(2006),;,,,,(socio2pragmatics)(Grimshaw1990;Lee2008;Norrick&Spitz2008;Zhu2008),,,2.,(incompatibility)(opposing)(2007;Barki&Hartwick2004),,;,;,(),,BarkiHartwick(2004),:1)(disagreement)(exclusiveness);2)(negativeemotion);3)(interference),(),,,,,,(conflictspeech),,(Leung2002;Zhu2008);(cooperativeendeavor)(Leung2002)3.3.1,(Kakav12001),,,,,Briggs(1996),(disorderlydiscourse);Brown&Levinson(1987),,(publicidentity)(Goffman1967)(negative)(destructive)(hostile)(aggressive)(disruptive)(Leung2002),(Goffman1959),,,,(impoliteness),,,,,Culpeper(1998),,,,,,,,,:(1)Itwasntgood.(2)Itwastoobad.(3)Itwasabsolutelycrap.(4)Youmusthaveshitforbrains.(Culpeper1998:85;Rudanko2006:830)3.2,,,Tannen(1990)(conversationalstyle),(verbalopposition),,(in2volvement),,,,,,,Deutsch(1963,Marcus1985),(constructiveprocess),,,(Leung2002),,,,,,4.4.1,,(conflicttalk)(Grim2shaw1990)(adversativeepisode)(Eisenberg&Garvey1981)(verbaldiscord)(Krainer1988)(oppositionalargument)(Schiffrin1985)(verbalopposition)(Kakav2001)(aggravateddisagreement)(Goodwin1983)(disorderlydiscourse)(Briggs1996)(battle)(Lee2008)(argument)(Schiffrin1985),/,,,(Wilmot&Hocker2001),,,(Grimshaw1990),,(Pomerantz1984)/(Schif2frin1985)(Antaki1994)(Boxer2002)(Olshtain&Weinbach1993),,,,,,,2,,(,):;;?,;:,:::,,(,):;;,,4.22080,Jacobs&Jackson(1981),(speechact),,,,Muntigl&Turnbull(1998),;Schiffrin(1985)(underlyingaction),,,,Kakav(2001:650),,,,(Briggs1996;Goffman1959),Watson2Gegeo&White(1990),2090,90,,Grimshaw(1990),Dorrill(1997),Kakav(2001),;,Kakav(2001),(Kakav,2001):1),(disagreementpat2tern),,;2),Schiffrin(1985)(rhetoricalargument)(op2positionalargument)();();,Schiffrin,,,3),,,2070,Brenneis&Leins(1977)Boggs(1978),,208090,,,Kuo(1991),Song(1993),Sheldon(1996),,Tannen(1994,1998),,,Herring(1996)(computer2mediatedcommunication,CMC),,,,Boxer(2002),,,,,,Boxer(2002:52):3:,,;,,,()(initiatingspeechact),,,,whydontyouchangeyourshirt?:,,,Didyouhearme?,DidyoudoasIaskedyoutodo?,:,Lookatthis.Itsallwrin2kled!,Igiveup,Imnotaskingyouanymore!,Nev2ermind,Illdoitmyself!,:(5)!191,,,,,!,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,5.,21,,,(2004),,,,(2008),GlaserStrauss(constantcomparisonmethod),Strauss,,(conflictmeta2phorclusters)(tonalquality)(2007),,,,,,Verschueren(2000)(2003),,,,,(2007),,,,(2006,2007),:,,,,,,,,(2006),,,,,,(institutional),4,,,,6.,,,Tannen(1990)Rudanko(2006),,,,,(),,,,,(),;,:1),,,,;,;;2),,,,(intensifi2er),(mitigator/mitigatingexpres2sion)3),,,(),4),,,,5),,,,,:,(conflictingresponse),;,(mitigatingresponse),(/),,,,,,,,7.,,,,,,,;,,,,,[1]Antaki,C.ExplainingandArguing:TheSocialOrganizationofAc2counts[M].London:Sage,1994.[2]Barki,H.&J.Hartwick,Conceptualizingtheconstructofinterperson2alconflict[J].TheInternationalJournalofConflictManagement,2004(15):2162244.[3]Boggs,S.T.Thedevelopmentofverbaldisputinginpart2Hawaiianchildren[J].LanguageinSociety,1978(7):3252344.[4]Boxer,D.Nagging:Thefamilialconflictarena[J].JournalofPrag2matics,2002(34):49261.[5]Briggs,Charles.DisorderlyDiscourse:Narrative,Conflict,andIne2quality[C].Oxford:NewYork,1996.[6]Brown,P.&S.Levinson.Politeness:SomeUniversalsinLanguage5Usage[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1987.[7]Culpeper,J.(Im)impolitenessindrama[A].InJ.Culpeper,M.Short&P.Verdonk(eds.).ExploringtheLanguageofDrama:FromTexttoContext[C].London:Routledge,1998:83295.[8]Dorrill,M.A.DisagreementinJapanese:ThreeCaseStudies[D].UnpublishedPh.D.Dissertation.UniversityofSouthCarolina,1997.[9]Eisenberg,A.&C.Garvey.Childrensuseofverbalstrategiesinre2solvingconflicts[J].DiscourseProcesses,1981(4):1492170.[10]Goffman,E.ThePresentationofSelfinEverydayLife[M].NewYork:DoubledayAnchor,1959.[11]Goffman,E.InteractionRitual[M].NewYork:Doubleday,1967.[12]Goodwin,M.H.Aggravatedcorrectionanddisagreementinchildrensconversations[J].JournalofPragmatics,1983(7):6572677.[13]Grimshaw,Allen.D.ConflictTalk:SociolinguisticInvestigationsinConversation[C].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1990.[14]Herring,Susan.Postinginadifferentvoice:Genderandethicsincomputer2mediatedcommunication[A].InCharlesEss(ed.).Philo2sophicalPerspectivesinComputer2MediatedCommunication[C].Alba2ny:SUNYPress,1996:115245.[15]Kakav,Christina.Discourseconflict[A].InDeborahSchiffrin,DeborahTannen&H.E.Hamilton(eds.).TheHandbookofDis2courseAnalysis[C].Oxford:Blackwell,2001:6502670.[16]Krainer,E.Challengesinapsychotherapygroup[A].ProceedingsoftheFourteenthAnnualMeetingoftheBerkeleyLinguisticSociety[C].Berkeley,1988.[17]Kuo,S.H.ConflictanditsManagementinChineseVerbalInterac2tions[D].UnpublishedPh