HND-商法导论outcome1

1.ListthemainsourcesofmodernScotsLaw.ThetwomainsourcesofScotsLaw:A:StatutorySourcesofLawActsofParliament––––lawspassedbytheUKandScottishParliamentknownasActsDelegatedLegislation––––lawspassedbybodiesauthorizedbyParliament.EuropeanUnionLaw––––passedbytheEuropeanUnionB:CommonLawSources:JudicialPrecedent––––themostinfluentialofthecommonlawsources,alsoknownasStareDecisis.Custom––––Acustomisapracticewhichhasbeenlongandconsistentlyrecognizedandsohasacquiredtheforceoflaw.Customisnowrarelyasourceofnewlaw.Equity––––basicallymeansfairnessornaturaljusticeInstitutionalWritings––––havelessauthoritythanlegislationorjudicialprecedent.InstitutionalWritingsisnotasimportantaslegislationorjudicialprecedent.TheirmainimportanceliesinthefactthattheycontributedtotheorderlydevelopmentofScotslaw.2(a)whatismeantbythedoctrineofjudicialprecedent?JudicialPrecedentisthemostinfluentialofthecommonlawsources,alsoknownasStareDecisis.IfalegaldisputeoranyotherlegalsituationoccursandthereisnoprovisioninanyActofParliamentoranypieceofdelegatedlegislationtocoverit,thenthejudgedealingwiththedisputemustmakeadecisionwhichheseesasfairandjust.Insuchasituationtherefore,thejudgeisactuallymakingthelaw—heiscreatingaprecedent—andtheirdecisionwillbefollowedinthefuturebyotherjudgesinsimilarcases.However,iflegislationispassedlaterwhichiscontrarytothejudicialdecision,andthenthelegislationthatispassedlaterwilloverruleit.Theoperationofjudicialprecedentresultsinthecreationof‘caselaw’.Agroupofcasesexistwhichhaveestablishedaparticularpointoflaw.2(b)Giveanexampleofajudicialprecedent.Example:DonoghueVStevenson1932SC(HL)31Mrs.DonoghueallegedthatoneeveninginAugust1928inFrancisMichelle’sCaféinPaisley,afriendhadorderedforher,icecreamandgingerbeer—planningtoputittogetherasanicedrink.Thegingerbeerwassuppliedinasealed,opaquebottleandtheownerofthecafépouredsomeofthebeerintotheicecream.Mrs.Donoghuedrunksomeofthemixtureandherfriendthenliftedthebottleandwaspouringouttheremainderintoatumblerwhenadecomposesnailfloatedoutofthebottleandintoherdrink.Mrs.Donoghuesufferedshockandillnessasaresult.Sheclaimeddamagesagainstthemanufacturer.3(a)Whichisthesuperiorlegislativebody:theWestminsterParliamentortheScottishParliament?thesuperiorlegislativebody:theWestminsterParliament3(b)Explainyourchoiceofanswerinpart(a)above.BytheActofUnionin1707,ScotlandandEnglandformedthekingdomofGreatBritain,sincethentheScottishparliamentisnotacomplete,independentlegislativebody.ItisaninferiorbodyincomparisontotheWestminsterParliament,fromwhichtheScottishParliamentderivesitsauthoritytopasslawsforScotland.WestminsterParliamenthastherighttocanceltheScottishparliamentonbillmadebythelegislation.AnylegislationoftheScottishParliamentisconsideredtobesecondarylegislationNOTprimarylegislation.4.Whatisastatute?TheconsistsoflawsknownasstatutesorActsofParliamentpassedbyboththeHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLordsandthengiventheRoyalAssent.Allstatutesaredividedintosections,sub-sections,paragraphsandsub-paragraphsforeasyreference.AllStatuesstartsas“bills”whichcanbeeitherPublicBillsorPrivateBills.5.NamefiveActsofParliamentAbolitionofPoindingsandWarrantSalesAct2001DogFouling(Scotland)Act2003Animals(Scotland)Act1987TheSuccession(Scotland)Act1964TheDivorce(Scotland)Act19766.WhatarethemaindifferencesbetweencivilandcriminallawinScotland?Civillaw:CivilLawisconcernedwithnon-criminaldisputesandsituations,includingthefollowing:·Thesettlementoflegaldisputesbetweenindividualsandotherbodies(e.g.adivorcecase、succession、issues)·Thepaymentofcompensationfromonepartytoanotherforlossorinjury.·Thesettingofprocedurestogovernfinancialandothermatters.(e.g.thelegalprocedurestobefollowedwhenbuyingorsellingahouse)Criminallaw:CriminallawisprimarilyusedbytheStateasameansofmaintaininglawandorderbypunishingcertainindividualswhoindulgeinbehaviorwhichisregardedascriminalandanti-social.TheStateusesthecriminallaw,therefore,topunishcriminalsonbehalfofthecommunityorsociety.themaindifferences:1.Theregulatedrelationships:CivilLaw:RelationshipsbetweensubjectsofequalfootingCriminalLaw:Relationshipsbetweensubjectsofunequalfooting2.Theburden:CivilLaw:CompensationorotherobligationsCriminalLaw:PunishmentbyState3.Thefreedomofthesubjects:CivilLaw:MuchfreedombetweenthepartiesCriminalLaw:Mandatory7.Whatisacrime?(Youshouldlistfourexamplesofcriminalbehavior)Acrimeisbehaviorwhichisregardedassoreprehensibleandwhich,consequently,threatensorunderminesthesecurityofsociety.CriminalbehavioroughttobepunishedbytheStatebytheimpositionofaprisonsentenceand/orfineorothersanctiononthepersonwhoisconvictedofacrime.Examples:assault,murder,fire-raising,theftandfraud8.Providethreeexamplesofacivildispute.·Familylawdisputes(custodyoradoptionofchildren).·Landdisputese.g.trespass,nuisance,non-naturaluseofwater,liabilityforanimals.·Windingupofacorporatebody(limitedliabilitypartnerships)inaninsolvencyorbankruptcysituation.9(a)InaconflictbetweenScotsandEuropeanUnionLaw,whichoneofthetwolegalsystemsaretheScottishCourtsboundtofollow?InaconflictbetweenScotsandEuropeanUnionLaw,theScottishCourtswouldhavetoobey