高中英语动词时态语态

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延安市新区高级中学2020二轮复习·英语·动词的时态与语态1/4动词的时态与语态2—题型研究(学生版)一、命题动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确,通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。题型:语法填空、短文改错。在具体语篇中,综合考查时态语态知识。1.了解并能正确运用常考的时态;2.熟练运用一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态;3.掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。二、高考真题考向题型研究题型研究一:语法填空(一)考点1:现在完成时1.(2019全国I卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.2.(2018全国II卷)Since2011,thecountry(grow)morecornthanrice.3.(2018·浙江)Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto61(become)commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears,it’snotwithoutacost.4.(2017全国III卷)Sarah(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.5.(2016·上海)Inrecentyears,stress(33)(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.【考点总结】现在完成时是高考中的高频考点1.现在完成时的构成为“have/has+done”。表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与uptonow,sofar,already,yet,now,recently,inthepastfewyears,just,sincethen等表示时间的词连用,表示过去的动作对现在的影响。2.用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。3.在“It/Thisisthebest(worst,mostinteresting等)+名词+从句”中,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。4.在“It/Thisthefirst/second/third...time+that从句”中,that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。(二)考点2:一般过去时1.(2019全国III卷)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.2.(2019全国II卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.3.(2018全国III卷)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel(challenge).4.(2018全国III卷)Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal(mean)me延安市新区高级中学2020二轮复习·英语·动词的时态与语态2/4norealharm.5.(2018全国II卷)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment_________(start)asoiltestingprogramwhichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.6.(2019浙江卷)OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'grades__________(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.7.(2018浙江卷)Istillremembervisitingafriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI(shock)whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.8.(2017全国II卷)Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.9.(2017全国II卷)Later,engineers(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.10.(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlssonandherhusband62.__________(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,”shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63.__________(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden.11.(2016·全国新课标I)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I62.(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.12.(2016·全国新课标III)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.【考点总结】一般过去时1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,twodaysago,in1999,atthattime等。2.表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。3.表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。4.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示过去将来的动作。(三)考点3:一般现在时1.(2018全国I卷)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.2.(2017全国III卷)Butatthemoment,school(come)first.3.(2017全国I卷)Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.4.(2016·四川)Thegiantpanda41(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.5.(2015·全国Ⅱ,68)Thiscycle(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayand延安市新区高级中学2020二轮复习·英语·动词的时态与语态3/4cooloffduringthenight...【考点总结】一般现在时1.主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often,alwaysfromtimetotime等时间状语。2.表示客观规律、事实和永恒真理。3.在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有时间:when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday等;条件:if,unless,provided,so/aslongas等。4.用于here,there开头的倒装句中,一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。题型研究二:短文改错(四)考点1:一般现在时和一般过去时相互对改1.(2019全国III卷,改错)Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.2.(2018全国I卷,改错)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.3.(2017全国I卷,改错)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.4.(2017全国II卷,改错)Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!5.(2017全国III卷,改错)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.6.(2017全国III卷,改错)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.7.(2016·全国新课标II,改错)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.8.(2015·全国Ⅰ,改错)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.9.(2015·全国Ⅰ,改错)Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.10.(2014·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.【考点总结】通过对高考短文改错的试题研究发现,高考短文改错中时态的必考点,而且一般现在时和一般过去时的相互对改是改错中出现频率最高的改错,这是考生应该注意的一个考向。(五)考点2:一般现在时或一般过去式和主谓一致1.(2018·全国III,改错)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeleaningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.2.(2016·浙江,改错)Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.延安市新区高级中学2020二轮复习·英语·动词的时态与语态4/43.(2014·全国Ⅱ,改错)Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggard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