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·1·模拟试题一第二部分：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21～40各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。MannersnowadaysinbigcitieslikeLondonareparticularlynon-existent.It’s21forabig,strongschoolboytopushanelderlywomanasideforthelast22seatonthebus,muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheoughtto.Infact,itisa23tonotethatifamandoesofferhisseattoanolderwoman,itisnearlyalwaysamanoftheolder24.Thisquestionof25seatsinpublictransportismucharguedbyyoungmen,whosaythat,sincewomenhaveclaimed26,theynolongerdeservetobetreated27andthatthosewhogoouttoworkshouldtaketheirturnintheratracelikeanyoneelse.Womenhaveneverclaimedtobe28asstrongasmen.Evenifit’snot29thatyoungmenshouldstandupforolderwomen,however,thefactremainsthatgoodmannersshouldbeshowntotheold,the30andtheburdened.Arewereallysolosttoallidealsof31thatwecansittherecalmlyreadingthepaperorabook,sayingtoourselves“Firstcome,firstserved”,whileagray-hairedwoman,oramotherwithayoungchildstands?32thisistoooftenseen.Olderpeople,tiredandeasily33fromaday’swork,aren’tangels,either.Manyasuddenargumentorafiercequarrel34asthetiredpeoplepushandpulleachothertogetonbusesortubes.Ifcitiesaretoremainpleasantplacesto35inatall,however,itseemsnecessary,notonlythatcommunicationin36shouldbeimproved,butalsothatcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldbekeptsmoothand37.Shopassistantswon’tbotherto38,taxidriversshoutateachotherastheydrivedangerouslyroundcorners,busconductorspullthebell39theirdesperatepassengershavehadtimetogetonoroffthebus,andsoon.Itseemstousthatit’suptotheyoungandstrongtodotheirsmall40tostopsuch“worsening”.21.A.somethingB.nothingC.anythingD.everything22.A.goodB.comfortableC.idealD.remaining23.A.pityB.pleasureC.surpriseD.sight24.A.kindB.raceC.generationD.tradition25.A.takingupB.handingoverC.puttingawayD.givingup26.A.rightB.equalityC.positionD.respect27.A.speciallyB.equallyC.carefullyD.warmly28.A.clearlyB.sociallyC.physicallyD.legally29.A.saidB.agreedC.reportedD.considered30.A.youngB.poorC.richD.sick31.A.determinationB.generosityC.peaceD.unselfishness32.A.YetB.AlsoC.InsteadD.Rather33.A.annoyedB.disappointedC.frightenedD.satisfied34.A.buildsupB.blowsupC.breaksoutD.setsout36.A.shopsB.homesC.officesD.transport37.A.simpleB.directC.politeD.clear38.A.sellB.waitC.assistD.greet·2·39.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.while40.A.jobB.partC.bitD.turn第二部分：阅读理解(第一节15小题，第二节5小题，每小题2分，满分40分)第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项AMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularfreetimeactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggersjog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneofthemautomaticallyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyfirmbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).Ispentmyboyhoodclimbingtrees.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandstrangenewideasaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.[:.]Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD(多动症).Thosewhosehousinghadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,theentireschoolwoulddobetterinstudies.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchool,withitshardtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersdreamingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.Thelifeofoldpeopleismuchbetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Themostimportantforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressive