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Module4grammar:presentperfecttense外研版第一册Studythefollowingsentences:1.Whohasopenedthedoor?2.Mywatchhasstopped3.Theyhaven’tcompletedthatexperimentyet.4.Hehasalreadyreturnedthatbook.(Anactioncompletedinthepastbutconnectedwiththepresentsituation.)5.IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears/since1999.6.Hehasworkedinthecompanysincehecametothecity.7.Sofarhehaswrittenfivebooks.8.IthasbeenyearssinceIcamehere.(Anactionbeginninginthepastandstillcontinuing)Form:have/hasdoneUsage:1.Anactioncompletedinthepastbutconnectedwiththepresentsituation.2.Anactionbeginninginthepastandstillcontinuing1.---Howlongagodidyoupartfromeachother?---It______fiveyearssincewesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.wasB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.hasbeen2.---Whobroketheglass?---Sorry.I_____.A.havedoneB.didC.brokeD.am3.---Howlonghashebeenaway,doyouknow?---Sorry,Ican’ttellexactlywhenhe____,thoughIknowhehasalreadybeenaway.A.wasleavingB.hasleftC.wouldleaveD.left4.---Howlong_____atthisjob?---Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed5.---Howareyoufeelingtoday?---Oh,I____asillasIdonowforaweek.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfeltFindthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesandcorrectthem:1.Hehascomebackforthreeweeks.2.Ihavejoinedthearmyfortenyears.(Hecamebackthreeweeksago.Hehasbeenbackforthreeweeks.)(Ihavebeeninthearmyfortenyears.Ijoinedthearmytenyearsago.3.Weachievedgreatsuccessinthepastfewyears.4.Perhapsshemadeseveralfriendsbynow.5.Whenhaveyouboughtthiscomputer?Wehaveachievedgreatsuccessinthepastfewyears.Perhapsshehasmadeseveralfriendsbynow.Whendidyoubuythiscomputer?Sumup:Thefollowingwordsandphrasesoftenappearinthepresentperfecttense.already,just,yet,lately,recently,ever,rarely,since,sofar,uptonow,bynow,inthepasttenyears,duringthepasttenyears,inthelastfewmonths,duringthelastfewmonths1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Janehaslaidthetable.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.6.现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.ThomashasstudiedRussian.(现在不再学俄语)ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeago,andisstillstudyingitnow).Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,now,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.7.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法1.现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。Payattentiontothefollowingwords:1.fascinating:extremelyinterestingandcharming2.Rewarding:worthdoingorhaving,givingsatisfactionbutperhapsnotmoney3.starving:veryhungryHehasturnedoffthelight他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：thismorning／month／year...，today等)连用。Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2.现在完成时的未完成用法现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。Hehaslivedheresince1978.从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Thefriendlyrelationsandcooperationbetweenourtwocountrieshavebeenenhancedinthepastfewyears.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.Cf:Tense:thepastindefinitetenseUsage:adefiniteactioncompletedinthepast(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：uptonow，sofar)等。Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：①主语＋have/hasbeen＋for短语②Itis＋一段时间＋since从句HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.或ItisthreeyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.练习题1.Jack____overfivelessonsbyseveno’clock.Thenhe____arest.A.went;tookB.went;hadtakenC.hadgone;tookD.hadgone;hadtakenc.2.We____outbythattimethathe____spyforalongtime.A.hadfound;hadbeenB.hadfound;wasC.found;hadbeenD.found;was3.Beforethenews____him,he____toknowaboutit.A.reaches;hasgotB.reached;hadgotC.reached;gotD.hadreached;got4.I_____himasecondletterbeforeI____fromhim.A.wrote;heardB.wrote;hadheardC.hadwritten;heardD.havewritten;hearABC5.People____thatthesoldiers_____fightingA.say;hadstoppedB.said;hasstoppedC.say;stoppedD.said;hadstopped6They_______forfivehourswhenthey______inNewYork.A.flew;arrivedB.hadflown;hadarrivedC.flew;hadarrivedD.hadflown;arrived7.She____thatit_____fortwodaysbythatday.A.says;hasrainedB.says;hadrainedC