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-----Mingo一：非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）动词不定式动词-ing形式动词过去分词一般式tododoingdone一般被动式完成式完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone进行式完成进行式tohavebeendoingtobedonebeingdonetohavedonehavingdonetobedoing二，非谓语动词的六大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则三：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则四：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则五：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则六：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义原则二：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式解析：makeabigbamboobox的目的是为了keepthelittlesickbird，因此选D表示目的状语。2.（2011重庆卷,29）MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced______people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised1.(2012四川卷,11）Simonmadeabigbamboobox______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeepDA原则二：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是:一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。1.(2014陕西卷）MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade【解析]此处用-ing表示自然而然的结果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.2.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_____themountainingoldenlight.（2013湖南卷）A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havingbathedAB3.(2016四川卷-6)Tomtookataxitotheairport,only_____hisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound4.Hehurriedtothebookingoffice___________alltheticketshadbeensoldout.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票已经卖完。onlytobetold【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的结果。原则三：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.1.（2015浙江卷-11）It'sasuchniceplace,Mothersaidasshesatatthetable________forcustomers.A.tobereservedB.LivingreservedC.reservingD.reserved2.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandcloseofof【解析】of后应接-ing，desks与openandclose之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因couldbeheard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。3.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixedastrangersittingseatvt.fixone’seyesupon…=Iwasseated.Iseatedmyself.=Isatdown原则四：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.1.（2012福建卷-34）Pressedfromhisparents,and______thathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized2.(2017·浙江调研测试)Not________withthequalityofyourgoods，Iwillcertainlynotadviseotherstobuythem.A．toimpressB．impressingC．havingimpressedD．impressedIADHisfriendstocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.Myhealthallowing,Iwillworkfarintothenight.Everythingdone,wewenthome.(1)____________given,thebusstarted.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。(2)___________heldhigh,shewentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(3)______________,Iwillgowithyoutomorrow.时间允许的话，我明天会和你一起去的。ThesignalHerhead原则四（补充）：如果分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语，需加上另一个逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构Timepermitting原则五：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）1.（2017上海春招,40）HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestars______asacarpenterbefore.A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohaveworkedD.tohavebeenworking2．(2014大纲全国，25）Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,______the7:30trainfromPaddington.A．caughtB．tohavecaughtC．tocatchD．havingcaughtgotbeforeCD原则六：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：①用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;②用-ing，表示动作正在进行;③用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。1.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld2.（2013辽宁卷，28）LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_____forher.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.waswaiting注：受thefirst，thesecond...thelast修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。3.（2015上海卷-36）Theclub,25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.A.foundedB.foundingC.beingfoundedD.tobefoundedTheclubHeisalwaysthefirst___________andthelast__________school.他总是第一个来最后一个离开学校的人。4．(2016·高考重庆卷)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision________atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A．tobemadeB．beingmadeC．madeD．havingbeenmadetocometoleaveTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.这是一个已经讨论了的问题。2.这是一个正在讨论的问题。3.这是一个将要讨论的问题。Thisisaproblemdiscussed.（已经完成的被动动作）Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.（正在进行的被动动作）Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.（将要进行的被动动作）discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed已经正在将要三，非谓语动词解题四大步骤1.辨别“谓与非谓”2.找逻辑主语3.分析语态4.分析时态1.分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”1.______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意连词3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意标点符号非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。2.找逻辑主语1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.4.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。A.TotakeB.TakingC.TobetakenD.TakenA.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.takenDB1._______everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.2.Everything______intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.Everythingthey3.分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janesho