字母与字组的发音规则

1字母发音规则一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号a在开音节中einameplaneJanebabycake1-01在闭音节中æbagdadhatmapblackback1-02e在开音节中i:hethesemeChinese1-03在闭音节中ebedletpendeskyesegg1-04i在开音节中aibikeflydrivetimenicekite1-05在闭音节中ifishbigdrinksitmilkswim1-06o在开音节中əuthoseclosegohoehomeno1-07在闭音节中ɔclocknotboxshopsock1-08u在开音节中ju:studentexcusedutyTuesday1-09在闭音节中Λbuscupjumpmuchlunch1-10在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号aəChinaanotherwomanbreakfast2-01iorangecomradevillagecabbage2-02eehundredstudentopenweekend2-03ichickenpocketbeginchildren2-04iiholidaybeautifulfamilyanimal2-05aiexercisesatellite2-06oəsecondtonightsomebodywelcome2-07əualsozerophoto2-08uəautumndifficult2-09jupopularcongratulationJanuary2-10动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate2-11u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei既可以读作[i]音，也可以读作[ə]音2-122三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面ɔwantwhatwatchwashquality(注意water[‘wɔ:tə]3-01a在fnskphspssstth前α:afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3-02i在-nd-ld和gh前aifindchildlighthigh3-03o在-st-ld前əumostpostcardoldcold3-04o在mnvth前Λcomemonkeylovemother3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号arar在[w]音后面α:carfarmdarksharpener4-01ɔ:warmquartertowards4-02oror在[w]音后面ɔ:fortymorningshort4-03ə:wordworkerworse4-04erirurə:certainlybirdThursday4-05辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carrysorryhurry4-06-r音节在非重读音节常读[ə]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday4-07五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号-areɛəcaredarehare5-01-ereiəheremere5-02-ireaiəfirehirewire5-03-oreɔ:morescorebefore5-04-urejuəpurecure5-05完整的-re音节areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[ri]音，例如：salary5-06重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring5-07某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph5-083六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ai/ayeiafraidrainwaitdayplay6-01airɛəairhairchairpairrepair6-02alal在fm前ɔ:smallballtalkwallall6-03ɔ:lalwaysalsosaltalmost6-04α:halfcalm6-05au/awɔ:autumndaughterdraw6-06eai:teacheasycheapplease6-07eheavybreadsweaterweather6-08eibreakgreat6-09eariəheardearnearclearyear6-10ɛəbearpearwearswear6-11ə:earthlearnearly6-12eei:jeepweekgreenthree6-13eeriəpioneerdeerbeer6-14ei/eyeieightneighbourthey6-15eu/ew在jlrs后ju:newfewnewspaper6-16u:flewbrewjewelry6-17ie/[s]音后拼写为eii:piecefieldreceiveseize6-18oaəucoatJoanboatgoal6-19oar/oorɔ:roarboarddoorfloor6-20oi/oyɔinoisepointboytoilet6-21oou:broomfoodtoothschool6-22ubooklookcookfootgood6-23ou/owauflowerhousecountdown6-24əuknowrowthrowthough6-25Λyoungcountryenough6-26u:groupyousoupthrough6-27ourɔ:courseyourfour6-28auəourhourours6-29ə:journey6-30ui在jlrs后u:juicefruitsuit6-314七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词编号ai/ayei/eyiSundayforeignmonkey7-01owəuyellowsparrowtomorrow7-02元音字组在非重读音节中读[ə]音或[i]。例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee7-03-sion-tionʃənimpressionnation7-04-sion在元音字母后ʒənvisiondecisionoccasion7-05-tion在s后tʃənquestionsuggestion7-06-stensnlisten7-07-stleslwhistle7-08-sureʒəpleasuremeasure7-09-turetʃəpictureculture7-10八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday[ei]handbag[æ]blackboard[ɔ:]8-01有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday[i]星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday[i]假日break中断+fast[α:]斋戒＞breakfast[ə]早餐[e]cup茶杯+board木板[ɔ:]＞cupboard[ə]碗柜main主要部分+land陆地[æ]＞mainland[ə]大陆8-02九、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词编号bbbikebusbag9-01[/]bombtomb9-02cc在e前或在i/y前kcakepicturecoatmusic9-03sfacedecidecinema9-04chtʃmuchchickrichteacher9-05kschoolheadachechemistry9-06ʃmachineChicago9-07-ckkcockpocketblackknock9-08dddoctorbreadhandday9-09-dgedʒbridgefridge9-105dr-drchildrendriverdrink9-11fffivefourbreakfast9-12gg在ei/y前gbaggardongo9-13dʒorangelargeGerman9-14ghfcoughenough9-15[/]lightdaughterhigh9-16gu--guegguessleaguedialogueguitar9-17wilanguageanguish9-18hhhotheadhousehand9-19[/]hourhonesthonor9-20jdʒjeepjarjokejoinJuly9-21kkkindbikeskatemakeweek9-22kn-nknifeknowknock9-23lllifemilkschooltall9-24mmmonkeycomeautumn9-25-mn[n]autumncolumnsolemn9-26nn在[k][g]音前nnotshinetennote9-27ŋunclethankhungry9-28-ngŋmorningyoungwrong9-29pppaperplanepigshippen9-30phfelephantphototelephone9-31qkIraq9-32qu-kwqualityquite9-33rrredrubberruler9-34s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前ssitsleepdesk9-35zmusichusband9-36sc-skscarlet9-37smusclescience9-38shʃshefishshirtwash9-39t在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前ttenlettermeet9-40ʃpatientnation9-41tchtʃwatchcatchmatch9-42th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中θthinthirtymethod9-43ðthethesewiththan9-44ðclothefatherweather9-45tr-trtreetraincountrytruck9-46vvveryvoiceloveleave9-47[/]answertwo9-49wh-wwhatwhenwhitewhy9-506wh-在字母o前hwhowhosewhole9-51x在重读元音前ksboxtextexercise9-52gzexampleexistexact9-53wr-rwrite9-54y-jyesyardyellowyoung9-55zzpuzzlezerozoo9-56十、部分元音特殊发音汇总a在重读开音节中发字母音[ei]ageableache(注意have[],ate[]和vase的英国发音)a在重读-r音节中发[α:]carstarfararmarmyhard(注意[w]+ar,ar发[ɔ:]warmwartowardquarter[];在非重读-r音节中发[ә]'sugar)a在-re音节中发[e]careharecarefulparent(注意are[α:])a在重读闭音节中,a+nge字母组合中,发[ei]dangedangerousstrangestrangerchangeexchange(注意orange[])a在重读闭音节中,a前是w时,a常发[]wantwashwasherwatchwas(注意water[])