英美社会与文化课件美国教育

Education,MediaandHolidays主讲人：吴程骞PPT制作：扶瑶资料收集：姚智尹张佳乐韩欣彤▪Education▪MainHolidaysandFestivals▪MediaEducationIdealsofAmericanEducationEducationSystemFamousUniversitiesEducationIdealsofAmericanEducation•Asmanypeopleaspossibleshouldhaveaccesstoasmucheducationastheycan•Producingasocietythatistotallyliterateandoflocalcontrol•Scholarsandstudentsshouldworktodiscovernewinformationorconceivenewwaystounderstandwhatisalreadyknown6/16/2020EducationinAmericaisregardedasbothanindividualbenefitandasocialnecessityAmericansbelievethat,througheducation,anindividualacquiresknowledge,skills,attitudesandabilitieswhichwill①enablethemtofitintosociety②improvetheirsocialstatus.Theyholdtheviewthatthefutureofthenationdependslargelyoneducation.EucationalSystemAmericanEducationPublicEducationElementarySecondaryHigherEducationUnivercityCollegeGrade1through6SubjectsReadiing,arithmetic,languagearts,socialstduies,science,music,music,art,physicalClasssizeBetween20＆30Elementary•Juniorhighschool(gradesseventhroughnine)•Seniorhighschool(gradestenthroughtwelve)Inhighschool,subjectmatterbecomesmorespecialized.Englishclassesstresswritingandliterature.SocialstudiesaresplitintoseparetecoursesinAmericanhistory,Americangovernmentorpoliticalscience,Europeanhistory,etc.SecondaryInmosthighschool,studentsmeetwithadifferentteacherandadifferentgroupofstudentsforeachsubject.FiveacademicsubjectsPhysicaleducatonLunchperiodTwostudyperiodsHighschoolstudents’dayaredividedintonineperiodsThereisnoannualcolledgeentranceexamination.Colledgeapplicantsarechosenonthebasisof:TheirhighschoolrecordsRecommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachersTheimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversityTheyscoreontheScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT)Inotherschoolsystems,elemantaryschoolincludegradesonethrougheight.ThenextfouryearsarecalledhighschoolHighereducationintheUnitedStatesbeganwiththefonudingofHarvardColledgein1636.ThehighereducationcomprisesfourcategoriesofinstitutionI.TheuniversityII.Thefore-yearuniversityinstitution—thecollegeIII.ThetechnicaltraininginstitutionIV.Thetwo-yearcommunitycollegeHigherEducationCollege:anundergraduateinstututionthatconfersthedegreeof1.BachelorofArts(B.A)orBachelorofScience(B.S)after4yeasofstudy2.anassociatedegreeaftertwoyearsofstudy.University:agroupofcolleges.ThesystemofhighereducationintheUnitedStateshasthreefunctions:1.Teaching2.Research3.PublicserviceForauniversitystudent,anacademicyearisaboutninemonths(twoorthreesemesters),usuallyfrommid-SeptemberuntilearlyJuneorfromlateAugustuntilMay,excludingthesummersessionanda30-daywinterbreak.Universitystudenthavetoearnacertainnumberofcreditsinordertoreceiveadegreeattheendoffouryearsofcollege.OnecreditusuallyequalsonehourofclassperweekinasinglecourseSportshaveasignificantplaceinAmericanuniversitylife.Football(橄榄球)BasketballGolf...Clubsandactivitiesarts,music,drama,debate,foreignlanguages,photography,volunteerwork...schoolshipsFamousUniversitiesHarvardUniversityYaleUniversityPrincetonUniversityMITHarvardUniversity•theoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates•establishedin1636•namedforitsfirstbenefactor,JohnHarvard•Outstandingacademicachievements•44Nobellaureates•EIGHTPresidentsoftheUnitedStatesYaleUniversity•foundedin1701•NewHaven,Connecticut•12,000students•ThecradleofPresident:GeraldRudolphFord,WilliamJeffersonClinton,GeorgeW.Bush...PrincetonUniversity•Foundedin1746•KnownastheCollegeofNewJersey,•Famousdepartments:History,Philosophy,English,Mathematic,Physics•ThelargestendowmentperstudentintheUnitedStatesMIT•TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology•Cambridge,Massachusetts.•Foundedin1861•inresponsetotheincreasingindustrializationoftheUnitedStates•AdoptedaEuropeanpolytechnicuniversitymodel.•KnownforresearchandeducationinthephysicalsciencesandengineeringMainHolidaysandFestivals•IndependenceDay•Thanksgiving•AprilFools’Day•Easter•ChristmasDayIndependenceDay•4th,JulyItwasonthisday1776whentheContinentalCongressrepresentingthe13coloniesadoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence,whichcutthetieswithBritainandestablishedtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.•CelebratedinallthestatesThearmymarkstheoccasionbyfiringa50-gunsalute.Ceremoniesmayincludeparades,officialspeeches,visitstohistoricmonuments,outdoorstageshows,dancingparties,boatracesandfireworksdisplays.ThanksgivingThanksgivingiscelebratedintheU.SonthefourthThursdayinNovember.FormanyAmericansitisthemostimportantholidayapartfromChristmas.Schools,officesandmostbusinessescloseforThanksgiving,andmanypeoplemakethewholeweekendavacation.Origin:ThanksgivingisassociatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametoNorthAmerica.In1620,whenthePilgrimsfirstarrived,theyhadaveryhardwinterandcouldnotfindenoughtoeat.Somanyofthemdied.NativeAmericansshowedthemwhatcropsweresafetoeatandhowtoplantthem,sonextyeartheyhadagoodharvest.ThanksgivingprayerbeforeTheyheldabogcelebrationtothankGodandtheNativeAmericansforhelpingthemsurvivetheharshwinterandproduceabountifulharvest.AprilFools’DayAprilFools'DayorAllFools'Day,thoughnotaholidayinitsownright,isanotabledaycelebratedinmanycountriesonApril1.Thedayismarkedbyt