目录中英文摘要、关键词················································································(1)前言·········································································································(2)第1章综述···························································································(3)第1.1节我国纺织业及纺织机械行业发展概述·······································(3)第1.2节现有卷布装置调查与分析·························································(6)第2章定张力卷布机构方案设计··························································(10)第2.1节大卷取装置总体方案设计······················································(10)第2.2节定张力机构方案设计······························································(11)第3章定张力卷布机构结构设计··························································(14)第3.1节链传动设计·············································································(14)第3.2节摩擦离合器设计·····································································(17)第3.3节花键设计················································································(19)第3.4节弹簧设计················································································(21)第3.5节轴承的选用·············································································(23)第3.6节齿轮设计················································································(24)第3.7节轴的强度校核·········································································(28)第3.8节定张力机构的三维装配模型···················································(31)第4章总结与体会··············································································(33)参考文献·································································································(34)致谢········································································································(35)附录:机构装配图与零件工作图·····························································(36)任务书、中期检查表、文献综述、外文文献及中文翻译稿答辩记录表、成绩评定表雨辰教育本科生毕业设计(论文)1摘要摘要:论述了织机大卷取装置的设计原理,设计了可以进行大布卷卷取的机外卷布装置;为在卷取过程中维持布中张力恒定,提高布卷质量,本设计提出了一种带力矩补偿机构的卷布装置,此装置具有结构简单、性能优越、安装调整方便等优点。对其进行了详细的结构设计,并完成机构三维模型的建立。关键词:织机;机外卷布装置;定张力机构;设计;三维建模AbstractAbstract:Describethetheoryoflargepackageofloom;designtheoutsideconvolutionmechanismtogetlargepackage;inordertokeepthefacetensionpermanentandimprovequalityofthecloth,thisdesigndevelopsanewconvolutionmechanismwithcompensativemechanismofmoment;thismechanismissimple,goodandconvenientoffixingandoperating.Keywords:loom;outsideconvolutionmechanism;permanenttensionmechanism;design;modeling雨辰教育本科生毕业设计(论文)2前言卷布装置是织机的一个重要组成部分,其作用是在布织好后将其有序收集起来。为了减少上轴数量、布机停台时间,减少布的浪费和用工,提高生产效率,增加经济效益。希望每个布卷能卷绕更长的布,本文对此提出机外大卷布装置的设计方案。为提高布卷质量,在卷取过程中要维持布中张力基本恒定,很多设计采用了诸如单独恒转矩电动机或无级调速电动机甚至采用电气控制箱等方法对张力进行控制,而这无疑会使结构复杂、成本过高、使用调整不便。而本文提出一种机械式带力矩补偿机构的定张力卷布机构,其卷布力矩能随布卷直径的增大而增大从而维持布中张力基本恒定。并完成其各个零部件的具体设计及三维建模。雨辰教育本科生毕业设计(论文)3第1章综述第1.1节我国纺织业及纺织机械行业发展概述(一)我国纺织业发展现状纺织业在我国的国民经济发展中一直占据着重要地位,棉纱、棉布、呢绒、丝织品、化纤、服装等产量均居世界第一位,服装出口也多年始终保持着世界第一位。中国已成为全球纺织领域中最引人注目的地区之一。近几年来我国纺织品出口量稳步增长,我国规模以上纺织企业经营状况日渐好转,亏损面不断下降。在原材料、劳动力价格上涨、出口退税下调、人民币升值等诸多因素的影响下,我国纺织品服装出口的绝对数量仍然保持稳步上升态势。1.我国纺织业发展中存在的问题:(1)要素成本上升,整个行业的盈利空间缩小。近年来,我国纺织行业的生产原料、劳动力成本、商务经营成本逐渐上升,而纺织品及服装的市场需求却受到竞争压力不能盲目调高价格,致使销售成本增速水平快于销售收入增速水平,销售成本占销售收入的比重逐渐上升,行业利润被逐渐削弱。目前我国纺织行业的平均利润率仅为3%。(2)人民币汇率升值,使得我国纺织品服装产品出口价格优势减弱。长期以来,我国纺织品服装的出口价格优势是保障其具备国际竞争力的重要因素。而随着人民币的升值,纺织产品的出口价格优势正在减弱,虽然企业可通过提高产品价格的方式来传递一部分升值的影响,但企业的议价能力将随着人民币升值幅度的提高而递减。(3)贸易摩擦和制裁,给纺织品服装出口带来一定的负面影响。这两年我国与欧美市场一度僵持的纺织品贸易争端,使得一些欧美买家将其订单转移到了印度、东南亚等市场。这在一定程度上影响了我国对欧美市场纺织品服装出口的增长。而一些国家对我国频繁使用反倾销等贸易保护手段,也影响了我国的纺织品出口环境。比如一些外向型纺织企业拿不到足够的订单。于是,部分纺织企业将目光转向了国内市场,一些出口转内销的产品价格大幅跳水,结果将导致企业的利润空间被压缩,一些企业甚至将面临倒闭的厄运。(4)由于投资增长过快造成的产能过剩提升了行业的经营风险,这些问题的解决需要政府和企业人士的共同努力。2.我国纺织业发展前景(1)国内经济持续快速增长,必将进一步拉动我国纺织品市场需求。近几年我国GDP实际增长都稳定在8%以上;而完善社保、提高最低工资、保护农民工利益等措施力度的不断加大,加上居民收入的持续提高,预计以后几年社会消费品零售总额增长将继续加快。(2)世界经济继续走强,必将促进国际贸易的进一步增长,我国纺织出口,仍将面雨辰教育本科生毕业设计(论文)4临国际经济贸易持续增长的有利环境的支持。(3)但我国纺织业的发展也面临一些不利因素,首先,人民币继续升值,将给纺织品服装出口带来压力。从而给纺织出口企业带来压力。其次欧美设限和贸易摩擦带来的不稳定的贸易环境,客观上给我国纺织主要竞争对手提供了难得的发展机遇,使得我国纺织出口增长面临着严峻考验。3.我国纺织业发展出路企业必须向高附加值的方向对出口产品结构进行优化,通过增强创新等渠道来寻求新的竞争优势。要实现从纺织大国到强国的转变,应在稳定市场份额的前提下,通过加快行业结构调整、促进产业升级、鼓励企业提高自主创新能力、加大新产品开发投入、积极培育自主品牌建设、规范环保、劳动用工及社会保障等方面来提升行业的整体竞争力。(二)我国纺织机械行业发展形势由于我国是一个纺织大国,这就决定我国纺织机械需求量很大。据统计,全球纺织机械一半在中国,中国为全球纺织机械最大买家。但我国自己品牌纺织机械的竞争力很有限。比如,德国的纺织机械年产40亿欧元,出口的占90%多;意大利纺织机械年产35亿欧元,出口的占70%。韩国出口到亚洲的就占其产值的75%。而我国纺织机械出口的仅占全部的15%,而同年进口的纺织机械则为当年出口额的8.5倍。这就说明了两个问题,一是我国的纺织机械仍然处于“内向型”,二是纺织机械依然有比较广阔的市场。但是,如何进入市场、占领市场则值得我们认真思考。不过近年来我国纺织机械产品的竞争力逐步上升,一些设备不但基本满足国内生产需求,而且对外出口逐年增长。这些国产设备由于具有较高的性价比,不但为我国节约了大量的外汇,而且为纺织企业降低设备成本、赢得效益做出了重要贡献。从去年我国纺织机械进口金额来看,其趋势依然下滑。各企业的进口额也呈负增长。这说明国产纺机在技术上取得的进步已为纺织企业所认可。国产纺机今后有较大的施展空间,只是不能再延续以往的低水平。国内、国际市场对我国纺织机械产品的需求稳增,且政策面扶持力度加大,因此国内纺织机械业整体向好的趋势将保持不变。我国纺织机械业开拓国际市场将是重点。但是我们与国外的差距不容回避。技术装备整体上比国际水平低,精梳机、无梭织机、自动络筒机、气流纺、喷气织机主要依靠进口,紧密纺设备国内生产的质和量上不能满足需求。去年的一份统计资料也显示了国内纺织企业对这些国外先进设备的强劲需求,所以,我们必须提高自己的技术水平,进行有效的创新,增强国际竞争力。(三)我国纺织机械行业发展的出路和方向1.我国纺织机械发展的根本出路是进行科技创新,以市场需求为导向,生产出高档次雨辰教育本科生毕业设计(论文)5设备。提高产品附加值,增强竞争力。技术升级迫在眉睫,走新型工业化道路是我国纺织工业“十一五”规划的核心思想。要提高生产效率,改进产品质量,实现产业的整体升级。(1)把质量做好,将其贯穿于纺织机械产品技术、过程技术和组织技术的全过程,贯穿于纺织机械的零件、部件加工的各个工序,及产品总装、调试直到用户现场的安装调试