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1时态与语态一．一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括sometimes,often,usually,always，occasionally,nowandthen,onweekends,onSundays,everyweek/month/year等Shealwaystakesawalkintheevening.Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.1.一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象和谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。Themoongoesaroundtheearth.Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败Hesaidtheearthisround.2.主句是一般将来时,由when，after,before,assoonas,theminute,whenever等引导的时间状语和由if,unless,solongas,once等引导的条件状语和however,evenif等引导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。如：l’llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.Iwilltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.Evenifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetingwilltakeplace.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Therecomesthebus.汽车来了。Hereshecomes.她来了。4.Butforthefactthat…从句中，that从句的谓语动词时态要根据句子谓语所表示的时间而定。Butforthefactthatheisbusynow,hewouldbehere.Butforthefactthatyouwereill,Iwouldhavehadyouprintthepapers.二、一般过去时表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的时间状语有yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday,anhourago,theotherday,lastmonth/year,justnow,in1982,intheolddays,inthepast,whenIwasyoung,whenIwasinLondon,whenIwasachild等Ireceivedtwoletterslastweek.TheOlympicGameswereheldinBeijingin2008.WhenIwasinBeijing,IoftenwenttoBeijinguniversity.1.表示某人过去的经历1)----Haveyougraduatedfromtheuniversity?-----Yes,IlearnedEnglishfor4yearsintheuniversity.2)----Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?2-----Yes,I________(finish)itwithinhaldanhour.3)I______(be)inLondonfor10years,butIhaveneverregrettedreturningtoChina.2.intend,wonder,think,realize等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等Ithoughtyouwereastudent.Ididn’tthink/realizeyoufailedagain.Ididn’tintendtohurtyou.3.usedtodosth/woulddosth过去常常做某事Weusedtospendourvacationinthemountains4.句型1）.Itis(high)timesbdidsth/Itistimethatsbshoulddosth.某人该干某事了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.2).Wouldrathersbdidsth宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow/now.3).Would/should/oughtto/could/might/needn’t/wouldliketohavedonesth,but…句型中，but后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时。a.Heshouldhaveturnedupbuthehadanunexpectedvisitor.b.---Didyouattendtheparty?----Iwouldhave(attendedtheparty)butIwasbusy.=Iwasbusyotherwise/orIwouldhaveattendedtheparty.=IhadplannedtoattendthepartybutIwasbusy.=Iwasgoingtoattendtheparty,butIwasbusy.4).Wouldyoumindifsbdidsth?如果…干某事，你介意吗？WouldyoumindifIopenedthedoor?三．一般将来时/过去将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。常见的时间状语有next…,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in+时间段，before+时间点，inthefuture等.1.will/shalldosth1）表示事物的固有属性或者必然的趋势；Fishwilldiewithoutwater.2)will表示将来，有时含偶然性和临时性决定的意思。----DoyouknowMr.Smithhascometoourtown?----No,Iwillgoandvisithimrightnow.2.begoingtodosth1）表示事先考虑过，计划打算做某事，注意区分一下will表示临时性决定的用法。HeisgoingtospeakonTvthisevening.2）表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.注意：wasgoingto表示过去本打算做某事，但未做----Tom,youdidn’tcometothepartylastnight?----Iwasgoingto,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.33.bedoingsth有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,return等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。I’mleavingforBeijingnextmonth.4.beabouttodosth/beonthepointofdoingsth(when)“即将干某事(这是突然)…”该结构不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when连用。Thetrainisabouttostart.Theplanisonthepointoftakingoff.5.某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。Wemusthurryup.Thefirstclassbeginsat8o’clock.Thetrainleavesat5andarrivesat8.6.betodosth1).表示按计划或安排要做的事Sheistogetmarriednextmonth.注意：were/wastohavedonesth表示未曾实现的计划。Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.2)表示“应该”，相当于should,oughtto.Youaretoreportittothepolice.3)表示“想，打算”,相当于intend,want.Ifwearetobetherebeforeten,we’llhavetogonow.四．现在进行时am/is/aredoingsth表示说话时正在发生的动作，有时也表示一段时间内持续进行的动作，常见的时间状语为:now,atpresent,thesedays等Iamwritinganovelthesedays.I’mdoingawordpuzzleinthisnewspaper.1)与always,constantly,continually,forever,allthetime等连用，带有厌恶、批评、不喜欢、赞扬等感情色彩。Youarealwaysputtingyourthingsaround.Heisalwayshelpingothers.2)下列四类动词一般不用现在进行时感觉类：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等Thesouptastesgood.情感类：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等Ilovemydadandmum.心态类：wish.Hope,want,need,believe,understand,agree,know,remember,forget等Idon’tbelievemyeyes.存在状态类：appear,lie,remain,belong,have等ThosebooksbelongtoMr.Li.43)延续性动作用进行体，短暂性动作用一般体，一个延续性动作为背景，被一个短暂性动作打断Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbikeandhurthimself.Asshewasreadingthenewspaper,Grannyfellasleep.五．过去进行时was/weredoingsth表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。1.-----IsthereanythingWrongBob?Youlooksad.----Oh,nothingmuch.InfactIwasjustthinkingofmyfriendbackhome.2.-----Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.-----WherewasI?-----Youweresayingyoudidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.3.-----Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry.Iwasn’tnoticing.六．将来进行时willbedoingsth表示将来某时正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。1).DoctorWangwillbegivinganothertalkonthissubjectatthesametimenextweek.2).ThistimetomorrowIwillbewatchingyouplayonTV.3).Don’ttelephonemeafter8-------Iwillbehavingameeting.七．现在完成时have/hasdonesth表示过去某个动作已经完成，或者过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，强调对现在的影响，常见的时间状语有for,since+过去时间，sincethen,eversince,sofar,bynow/untilnow/uptonow,lately/recently,inthepast/last(tenyears),还有already,just,yet,neverever,still等常跟现在完成时连用。Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Hehaswritten8bookssofar.Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.Theyhaveworkedheresincethe