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TheStructuralDiscourseofEnglishDebate——OutlineforBeginners1.Greetings③ladiesandgentlemen,Mr./MadamSpeakerandmembersofthehouseRefutation(exceptPMandOW)(1)Transitiontorefutationpart①Beforemovingtomyarguments/constructivepart,letmerefutebacktotheGovernment/Oppositionside.②Ihave…rebuttal(s)/refutation(s)against…thepreviousspeaker(s)/…(2)Basicsofrefutation①First/second/…,theysaid...②But,itis/theyarenot(always)true/important/relevantto/oppositeto/opposedtoWhatyou/theysaidisnot…(atall)Whatyousaidistheopposite.Itisactuallyourpoint.They/Youareliars/aliar!That/Itisbecause…(e.g.theirargumentisbasedonwrongassumption/analysis/misunderstanding)③Alternativeplan:“Thereisabetterplantosolvetheproblem”ExplainingpointstransitiontoargumentsOk/Well,hereis/are/come(s)our/myarguments/points/substantivematters/constructivepart.①Signpost(i.e.“signpost”,orsimplekeyphrasesthatsummarizethepoint.)Ourfirst/second/…pointis…②SummaryinonesentenceItmeansthat../Onthispoint,Iwillexplainthat...③Reasoning(explanationonhowonesituationoccurs,focusingon“causeandeffect”)Letmeexplainhowthiswillhappen.First,..Then,.../Underthestatusquo,...Aftertheplanadoption,…Asaresult…④ExamplesandIllustrationForexample,.../Let’sthinkaboutthecaseof...Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseimaginewhat(wouldhappen)if…⑤Significance/analysis/Relevancytothestance,teamline,orwhatyouwanttoprovewhythisisimportant?That/Itisbecause...Thispointisimportantifwethinkaboutthenature/role/firstpriorityof…Whatisthenature/role/toppriorityof…?Conclusion(1)summaryabout30secondstosummarizeyourspeech.①Insummary,letmesummarizemyspeech/whatIhavetoldyou②First/second/thirdargument/point(firstsixspeakers)(2)IndicationtheendofyourspeechThefirstsixspeakers:Forallthesereasons,Iam/weareveryproudtopropose/oppose.So/Becauseofthesereasons,westronglybelieve/insist(that)...Whip:Forallthesereasons,thegovernmentsidehaswonthisround.That’sall(ofmyspeech).Thankyou/Thanksalot/somuch/verymuch.PrimeMinister1.Greetings2.Presentingthemotionandcase(1)Backgroundinformationofthemotion①Under/Inthecurrent/presentsituation/circumstances/Thesedays/recently/Lately/Inrecenttime/years,②therearesomeproblemsthat/in…/controversythat/over…/phenomenaof/that…thereisa(controversial)problemthat/in…/controversythat/over…/phenomenonof/that…(2)motion①Today,wearegoingtodebateon…Today,wehavethemotionthat....Today’smotionisthat…Today,ourmotionisthat…Today,themotionisthat…Theissuebehindthemotionisthat…②So,inthisround,wearegoingtotalkabouthowtosolvetheproblem.(3)Definingthemotion/CasingthemaintaskofthePrimeMinister①However,thismotionhassomevaguepoints(words)/isnotclear.Therefore,Iwouldliketodefinethemotion.②Inthisround,wewilldefinethewordAasB/limitXtoY/focusonthecasein….③Therefore,ourproposalisthat…④Iwillexplainthepolicyofourproposal.First,...Second,…⑤Wehavesomesolutionstoourproposal.First,...Second,...3.Showingthe(government/opposition)“stance”(or“teamline”)fortheround.Wewillproposeyouthat…because…Ourteamline/stanceisthat…Thegovernment/oppositionsidestronglybelieves/insiststhat…4.Presentingyourspeechoutlineandteamallocation.①Wehave…points/argumentstosupportourproposal/develop.②Thefirstpointis…,thesecondpointis…,andthelastpointis...③Iwill(mainly)explain/talkabout...andmypartnerwill(mainly)explain/talkabout...5.Explainingpoints6.ConclusionLO/DPM/DLO/MG/MO1.Greetings2.Refutation3.Explainingpoints4.ConclusionGW/OW1.Greetings2.Showingtheoutline.Sofar,wehavetalkedabout…Inordertoshowwhywehavetowinthisround,Iwouldcomparebothgovernmentandoppositionsides’argumentsintermsof…issuesinthisround.Theyare….Ihave…questionstoask.Theyare...3.Pointingoutthefailuresoftheotherside.BeforeI/wemove/go/moving/going(on)totheclashes,Iwouldliketopointoutthecrucialfailureoftheoppositionside.Thatis...4.ClashesThefirst/second/…clashis...Theoppositionsidehassaidthat...Still,wehavepointedout(that)thisiswrongbecause...Ontheotherhand,wehavearguedthat…because...Ourargumentwassuperiortotheirargumentbecause...Then,letmegoontothenextclash.5.Conclusion.替换词：同义词，近义词，写作词汇与表达互换（雅思，托福……）First/firstly/fistofall/firstandforemost/atthe(very)beginningSecond/secondly/Third/thirdlyThen/Besides/What’smore/Moreover/Furthermore/Inaddition/additionallyFinally/atlast/intheend/eventually/lastly/LastbutnotleastThefirstpointis…,thesecondpointis…,andthelastpointis...Important/vital/significant/crucialsolve/resolve/address/dealwith/workout/tackleSo/therefore/thus/inconsequence/consequently/asaresultInsummary/tosumup/inconclusion…Smallwords:Ok/well/youknow/Imean…