高考英语倒装结构考点归纳倒装有两种情况:1.部分倒装(主语和助动词倒置)为什么要使用倒装结构?2.全部倒装(主语和谓语完全倒置)一是为了句子意义的需要;二是为了语法结构的需要一、为了句子意义的需要也就是为了强调句子的某一内容,并使上下文衔接紧密;或为了保持句子平衡。常见有下列情况:1、句子谓语是go,come,run等表示位置的动词和be动词,句中又有表示方位的副词(如there,here,up,down,out,in,away等),为了强调该副词,可将其放于句首,而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。如:HerecomesthetraintoBeijing.去北京的火车来了。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Downcametherain.下雨了。但主语是人称代词时,主语仍置于动词之前。如:Awayhecomes.他来了。Hereitcomes.它来了。2、为了强调句中的状语或表语,为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密,可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如:Atthefrontofthehallsattheheadmaster.(Theheadmastersatatthefrontofthehall.)校长坐在大厅的前部。Inthisparagraphcanbefoundananswer.(Ananswercanbefoundinthisparagraph.)在这段里能找到答案。3、为了强调only及其所修饰的状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句),则将它们移到句首,句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:Onlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.直到1918年战争结束后,他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。4、将含有否定意义的副词(never,seldom,not,little,hardly等)置于句首以示强调时,句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:SeldominmylifehaveImetsodeterminedaperson.一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。5、为了强调“nota+名词”或“notasingle+名词”结构,将其置于句首时,句中的主谓作部分倒装。如:Notaworddidhesayatthelastmeeting.在上次会议上他一句话都没说。6、Hardly…when,Nosooner…than,Scarcely…when,notonly…butalso引导两个分句时,将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装,后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。如:Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。NosoonerhadIleftmyhousethanitbegantorain.我刚刚离开家就下雨了。Hardly/Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakenedher.Nosoonerhadhearrivedtherethanhefellill.但neither/not…nor引导两个分句时,这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。如:NeitherdoIknowheraddress,nordoeshe.我不知道她的地址,他也不知道.Notcouldthepatienteat,norcouldhedrink.那个病人既不能吃,也不能喝。7、在“so+形容词…that分句”结构中,如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时,其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面,形成主谓的完全倒装。如:Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.(Shewassomovedthatshecouldnotsayaword.)她激动得一句话也说不出来。在“so+副词…that分句”结构中,如将“so+副词”置于句首以示强调时,其后的主谓作部分倒装。如:Soloudlydidhespeakthateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.他的声音那么大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.光速如此之快,我们很难想象。由于语法结构的需要使用倒装的情况常见于下列句型:1、“So+助动词+主语”是一种常用于对前面所说的情况作简短回答的句型。如:Iwaslateandsowasshe.我迟到了,她也迟到了。Theylovemakinglotsoffriends,sodothosewithdisabilities.他们喜欢广交朋友,残疾人也一样。2、“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。如:Shewon’tgo.Neither/NorwillI.她不走,我也不。Icannotswim.Neithercanhe(swim).我不会游泳,他也不会。3、当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were或should等时,如将if省略,则要将had,were或should等移到主语前,作部分或完全倒装。Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.(Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.)若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。4、表示存在的句型“Therebe+主语”也属于倒装句之列。如:Therearethreechairs,adeskandacomputerintheroom.倒装结构随堂练:1.____smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.A.WashegivenupB.HadhegivenupC.DidhegiveupD.Ifhegaveup2.Sofunny______thateveryoneburstintolaughing.A.shelookedB.wasshelookingC.didshelookD.hadshelooked3.Notonceintheseyears____thepricesoftheseproducts.A.wechangedB.havewechangedC.didwechangeD.wehavechanged4.“Whycan’tIsmoke?“Atnotime______inthemeeting-room.”A.doessmokingispermittedB.issmokingpermittedC.smokingispermittedD.permitssmoking5.Insuchahurry______hisofficethatheforgottolockthedoor.A.didheleaveB.heleftC.hehadleftD.hasheleft6.Onlyafter_____reachedeighteen______jointhearmy.A.haveyou;youcanB.haveyou;canyouC.youhave;youcanD.youhave;canyou7.Nowhereelseintheworld______morefriendlypeoplethaninChina.A.youwillfindB.canyoubeabletofindC.youmayhavefoundD.canyoufind8.Notuntil1998______backtohishometown.A.cameheB.thathecameC.didhecomeD.thathedidcome9.Hardly______whenitstartedraining.A.thegamehadbegunB.thegamebeganC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun10.Solittle______agreeontheplanthattheycouldnotsettlethedifferences.A.didtheyB.dotheyC.theydidD.theydidnot11.OnlyafterIreadthetextoveragain____itsmainidea.A.thatIknewB.didIknowC.IcouldknowD.Ididknow12.Little______whenItookthetripwhereitwouldleadme.A.haveIknownB.hadIknownC.doIknowD.didIknow13.______didthestudentsrealizetheyweremistaken.A.ItwasuntilB.ItwasnotuntilthenC.NotuntilthenD.Notuntil14.Onlybyreadingalot______progressinEnglish.A.youcanmakeB.canyoumakeC.willyouabletomakeD.canmakeyou15.Seldom______timetogoshoppingthesedays.A.didIhaveB.doIhaveC.haveID.Ihave