高考英语语法定语从句复习高考定语从句考点聚焦•一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句•二、考查以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句•三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句•四、对as引导定语从句的考查•五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查•六、theway作先行词时.定语从句的引导词用inwhich,that或者省略。•七、考查定语从句中的主谓一致•八、考查分隔式定语从句的用法①Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas________kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.(2007上海春招卷)A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which•【解析】B。句中was是系动词,后缺少表语,所以用all作表语,all后是由关系代词that引导的定语从句,并且在从句中作主语因此不能省略,故答案选B。②Youcanonlybesureof______youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.[2007安徽卷]A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that•【解析】B。考查名词从句和定语从句的用法。此题意为“你只能确定你现在所拥有的,你不能确定在未来你或许会得到的东西”。此题中whatyouhave做介词of的宾语从句,第二个空省略了引导词that”。故答案为:B。归纳点:考查以that与which引导的定语从句•1.通常只能用that的情况1)当先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等时。2)先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。3)如果先行词既指人又指物,应用关系代词that。Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.[2008浙江卷]A.whomB.whereC.thatD.which•【答案与简析】D。本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car,空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语,只能选用关系代词。A项when和B项where都是关系副词,可以予以排除,C项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选D。TheScienceMuseum,____________wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.[2008江苏卷]A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where•【答案与简析】A本题考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时,应用which而不用that,定语从句谓语动词visit是及物动词,需跟宾语句子才完整。故A项正确。归纳点:通常只用which的情况•(1)引导非限定性定语从句,用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句,而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句,如果两个从句都可以用that引导,那么其中一个应改用which引导。①Women______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose____don't.(2006北京卷)A.who,/B./,whoC.who,whoD./,•【解析】C。此题考查定语从句中关系代词的选择.所填关系代词均指人,在从句中作主语,不能省略,故答案选C。②Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_____wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷)A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom•【解析】D。考查代词的用法。此题意为“上周只有两人来看这所房子,他们俩中没有一个人想买这所房子。”根据题意,他们两人都不想买房,因此用neither,neither表两者都不。③Itisreportedthattwoschools,______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(2007四川卷)A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich④Weshouldn'tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof____arehealthy.(2007北京)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom•【解析】以上两题均考查非限制性定语从句中的“代词+of+which/whom结构,第一题先行词表示物,故用which;第二题先行词表示人,故用whom,两题答案均为D。⑤HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,_____leadingactorisworldfamous?(2001上海春季)A.itsB.itC.whoseD.which•【解析】C。考查关系代词在定语从句中充当定语的用法。故定语从句应由whose引导。正确答案为C。二、考查以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句•归纳点:•(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。who而不用which。•(2)在非限制性定语从句中,指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,who。•(3)在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of+which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有“代词/数词+of+which/whom结构。Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,_________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.[2008安徽卷]A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that•【答案与简析】B。本题考查定语从句。该空中需用关系副词,在从句中作地点状语从句修饰先行词thisfamily,;选项A.why作关系副词只能修饰先行词thereason;选项C和D是关系代词,不合题意。Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.[2008山东卷]A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when•【答案与简析】D考查定语从句关系词的选择。此题关键是要根据句意看出是定语从句。句意为:我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。Occasions是先行词,所选关系词在定语从句中要做时间状语,故可排除其他选项。三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句•归纳点:•它们相当于“介词+which,其中where=in/at+which;when=at/in/during+which;why=for+which。•(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。•(2)关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。•(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。______isknowtoeverybody,themoontravelroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2001NMET)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What.•【解析】B。as作“正如……”解,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asismentioned等。故正确答案为B。①_______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004北京卷)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What•【解析】B。由题干的句子结构及内容看,逗号之前,应为非限制性定语从句,应由as引导,表示“正如报纸上所报道的”,若选A项,此句应为:Itisreportedinthenewspapersthattalksbetween…。若选D项,此句应为:Whatisreportedinthenewspapersisthattalksbetween…。四、对as引导定语从句的考查•归纳点:•(1)先行词与such,thesame连用时,常用关系代词as。•(2)在引导非限制性定语从句中,指代前面句子的内容时用which或as,指代后面句子的内容时只能用as,即as,which在指代整个句子内容,引导非限制性定语从句时,都可以置于句中,但as还可以放在句首。•(3)表示“正如……”时,只能用关系代词as。如:asisknowntoall,asweallknow,as(it)oftenhappens,ashasbeensaidbefore.aswasexpected,asissaidabove.asismentionedabove,asisreported等。Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.[2008福建卷]A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich•【答案与简析】D。考查非限制性定语从句中介词的搭配。一道罕见的彩虹出现在MountQomolangma的上方。appearedararerainbow为倒装形式。Wewentthroughaperiod___communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.(2008上海卷)A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich•【答案与简析】C.此题考查定语从句的用法。period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语,要用when,而此题中没有when,所以要选择inwhich相当于intheperiod,表示时间,作句中的状语。which要在定语从句中作主语或宾语,而此处的“介词+which”中要选择介词in,而不选择with.五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查•归纳点:•当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which”,指人则用“介词+whom,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定;根据先行词的特殊用法而定。Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.(2004湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich•【解析】此句中not...but连接两个并列成分,即theway与what从句作并列表语way后的定语从句的引导词作状语用inwhich,that或者省略。所以答案选A。归纳点:•theway作先行词时.定语从句的引导词用inwhich,that