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高考专题-定语从句！ThisisthefilmwhichIsawwhenIwasatschool.Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.Jack,whoisapoorpainter,wonashipticketbyplayingcards.Lucyisayoungbeautifulwoman,whowenttoAmericawithhermother.JackandLucy,whoaretheheroandtheheroineinthefilm,lovedeachotherverymuch.DefinitionoftheAttributiveClause!•定语从句的定义：分析这些句子可知，定语从句即用来修饰名词或代词的句子；幻灯片2被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”，引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”，如that,which,as,who,whom,whose,where,when,why,等。•关系代词或关系副词的在句子中的语法功能:•定语从句分类：限制性和非限制性。关系代词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语等成分，作宾语时关系词常常可以省略；关系副词在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语.ThisisthefilmwhichIsawwhenIwasatschool.which指物，作宾语Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.That指物，作主语ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.whose指物，作定语ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.Whom指人，作宾语Jack,whoisapoorpainter,wonashipticketbyplayingcards.Who指人，作主语Lucyisayoungbeautifulwoman,whowenttoAmericawithhermother.Who指人，作主语JackandLucy,whoaretheheroandtheheroineinthefilm,lovedeachotherverymuch.who指人，作主语关系词的语法功能限制性、非限制性定语从句•ThisisthefilmwhichIsawwhenIwasatschool.•Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm.•ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic.•ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy.•Jack,whoisapoorpainter,wonashipticketbyplayingcards.•Lucyisayoungbeautifulwoman,whowenttoAmericawithhermother.•JackandLucy,whoaretheheroandtheheroineinthefilm,lovedeachotherverymuch.如何选折关系代词、关系副词？幻灯片2重点relativesusedforusedaswhichthingsubject（主语）object（宾语）thatthingpersonwhopersonwhompersonobject（宾语）whoseperson/thingattribute（定语）如何选折关系代词、关系副词？重点relativesusedforusedaswhen(in/on/at+which)timeadverbial（状语）where(in/on/at+which)placewhyreason如何选折关系代词、关系副词？•选折关系词是由先行词来决定的。一、当先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词，且引导词在从句中作时间、地点和原因状语时，即从句不缺主语、宾语等主要成分，选用when,where,why。重点e.g.A.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwemet?B.Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentwitheachothertogether?辨析：A句中when作时间状语，而B句中which/that作及物动词spent的宾语。•C.ThisistheplacewhereIboughtmyT-shirt.•D.Thisistheplacewhich/thatIvisitedthreeyearsago.特注：选折用when,where,why，我还可以看定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语，则可以用when,where,why引导。倘若没有，那么就要考虑是否用that或which.历年高考题：(NMET2001,22)Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where•1.(NMET2003北京春季,31)Wearelivinginanage_______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when•3.(NMET2002北京,22)Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_______othervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when•8.(NMET2001,22)Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where•10.(2001上海,37)He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why二、介词加引导词的用法：当关系代词引导一个定语从句并且在从句中充当宾语时，该从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词：如果不是，就要在该动词后加上响应的介词。如果关系代词为which或whom，则要将介词放在which或whom前。观察以下句子：A.ThisisthebookthatIhavelearnedalotfrom.(这就是那本让我获益非浅的书)B.ThisisthebookfromwhichIhavelearnedalot.C.Doyouknowthemanthatshewastalkingto?（你认识和她说话的那个人吗?）D.Doyouknowthemantowhomshewastalking?E.Thehousethatheislivinginisnowashop.（他现在居住的房子现在是一个商店。）F.Thehouseinwhichheislivingisnowashop.G.ThefellowthatIspoketomadenoanswer.（和我说话的那个小伙子没作任何回答。）H.ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoanswer.(2002上海,31)Alecaskedthepoliceman_______heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom三、who指人，是主格，在从句中做主语；whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语；whose是所有格，在从句中作定语，是定语从句中表示所属关系的引导词，意为“……的”，既可指人，也可指物。如：A.Heistalkingwiththegirlwhosebrotherismyclassmate.(他正在和那个弟弟是我同学的女孩说话。)B.ThisistheboywhosefatherisourEnglishteacher.（这就是那个父亲是我们英语教师的男孩。）•C.Helivesinahousewhosewindowopenstothesouth.•D.Ihavejustboughtanewbikewhosecoloriswhite.•(2001上海春季,30)HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,_______leadingactorisworldfamousA.itsB.it'sC.whoseD.which四、that与which都可以修饰表示物的先行词。但在有些情况下只能用that引导，不能用which；有些情况下，只能用which引导，不能用that。①只能用that情况：1、先行词为all,everything,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时；A.Pleasetellmeallthatyouknow.B.I’lltellyoueverythingthatIsawintheUnitedStates.C.I’dliketotellyousomethingthatwillmakeyousurprised.D.Isthereanythingthathastobedonetoday.••E.Thereisnothingthathastobedonetoday.•2、先行词被数词，形容词最高级及thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰时；•A.ThefirststudentthatputuphandswasZhangPing.•B.Agriculturewasthemostimportantinventionthatledtothebeginningofcivilization.•C.Thisistheverypenthatheislookingfor.•D.ThisistheonlyEnglishbookthatheboughtfromthebookstoreyesterday.3、先行词中既有人又有物时只能用that引导;A.Henryandhisdogthatappearedinstreetlastweekdisappearedmysteriouslyintheforestyesterday.B.Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited.４、先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时；A.Itisadictionarythatwillhelpyoualot.B.Heisnolongerthemanthathewasinouruniversity.•②只能用which的情况•１、关系代词前有介词时用which;•ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtenyearsago.•２、先行词本身是that时用which;•Iwilltellyouthatwhichhesaidyesterday.•３、引导非限制性定语从句时；•A.Ihavelostmymobilephone,whichisboughtbymyfather.•B.Sheenteredanewvocationalandtechnicalcollege,whichmadehermotherveryhappy.她上了一所职业技术学校，这使她的母亲非常高兴。(1994上海,19)Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffect