英语的时态(1)一、一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…,sometimes,at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.Waterboilsat100centigradedegrees.3)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Idon'twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比较:NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。知识扩展:一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3)在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4)在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.二、一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlikethat.3)用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。(1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.(2)情态动词could,would,例如:Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp.注意比较下列句型:◎Itistimeforsb.todosth“到……时间了;该……了”,例如:Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。◎Itistimesb.didsth.“时间已迟了;早该……了”,例如:Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。◎would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”,例如:I'dratheryoucametomorrow.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含义:她已不在人间。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义:她现在还活着)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划,安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式,意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意:beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。☆begoingto/will的用法之比较:用于条件句时,begoingto表将来,will表意愿。例如:Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.☆beto和begoingto的用法之比较:beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划。例如:Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排)四、现在进行时1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:Wearewaitingforyou.2.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.3.表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.4.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.知识扩展:不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词。如:have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词。如:know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬间动词。如:accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)系动词。如:seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.五、过去进行时1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。3)常用的时间状语有:thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句:Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.典型例题1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案B.句中的as=when,while,意为当……之时。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。句中的fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fallsick。1.—Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Don’tyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkit’ssmart.A.wasn’tmakingB.don’tmakeC.won’tmakeD.didn’tmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He______quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe____bynow.A.hasn’tturnedupB.doesn’tturnupC.won’tturnupD.hadn’tturnedup5.I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_____thewrong