Articles冠词高三英语课件

Articles冠词（一）a/an不定冠词的用法1.不定冠词a,an泛指一般普通名词，a用在辅音（读音）开头的名词前。an用在以元音（读音）开头的名词前。auniversity,aEuropeancountryanumbrella,anhour,anhonestboy2.第一次提到某人或某物，并非特指，用不定冠词a,an起介绍作用Heisateacher.HeisaJapanese.Thereisatableatthecorner.3.a/an用在单数普通名词前指一类人或事物，泛指；Wecan’tsayaboyisclevererthanagirl.Anearisanorganforlistening.Afoxisacunninganimal.表示类别(=Foxesarecunninganimals.=Thefoxisacunninganimal.)4.不定冠词用在表示数量，时间等名词前面，表示每一的意思。Tomdrivesacarat60milesanhour.Igobackhomeonceamonth.Theorangesare15yuanakilogram.5.人名前用a,an表示说话者对此人不确定，不清楚或没有指明所提到的人是谁。相当于acertain或someA/SomeMrChencametoseeyouthismorning.=AcertainMrChencametoseeyouthismorning.HewishestobecomeaNewton.(也可以指与某名人有类似的性质的人或事物。HeisaLeiFenginourclass.(kind)6.an/a用来说明事物的同一性质，特征，程度或大小，相当于thesame表示相同。Theyarenearlyofanage.Thesesweatersareofasize.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.7.不定冠词用于固定结构中:too/so/how/as+形容词+a/an+n.Itistoodifficultaproblemforhim.Heissocleveraboythathetakesinwhattheteachersayseasily.Heisquiteagoodteacher.很不错的老师。8.用在描写自然现象的名词前表示“一阵,一场,一种”等。asnow,arain,afog,ashower一场/一阵9.物质,抽象名词前用a,an表示具体意义(surprise,success,pleasure,knowledge)Wethinkitanhonourtobeinvitedtoyourcountry.Thelittlegirlisajoy/apleasuretoherparents.Hehasagoodknowledgeofcomputer.Whatagreatsurprisehegaveme!!YangLiweiisagreatsuccessinChina.*****抽象名词具体化must必须amust一件必要的事或物beauty美丽abeauty一个美人或一件美物serviceaservicepityapityhonouranhonourfailureafailureexperience经验anexperience一次经历常见的a短语asarule,惯例inaway,在某种程上allofasudden突然ataloss不知所措inahurryinaword总之notabit=notatall,abitof+n一点notalittle=quitealotnotafew=quiteafew=agoodfew相当多,好些cometoaconclusion得出结论cometoanend.结束asecond/third再次.haveawordwithsbamostusefulinvention=veryusefulinventiontakeaninterestin,keepaneyeon注意着makeafire生火，makeafoolof愚弄（二）Thedefinitearticle“the”1.用在单数名词的前面表示一类人或事物。Thehorseisausefulanimal.2.用在重新提及的人或事物名词前Ireceivedaletter.TheletterwasfromFrance.3.用在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物名词前Passmethebook,please.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?4.用在有限制性定语修饰的名词前，表示特定的意义。Themilkonthetableishers.TheplanetoJapanhastakenoff.Whoisthegirlyousaidhelloto??5.用在序数词前ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.Chinaisthethirdcountrytosendmanintospace.Itwasthethirdtimehehadbeeninhospital.Helearnedasecondlanguage.另一门6.用在方向名词和表示时间的短语里。ontheright/left,intheeast/westinthedaytime,ontheotherhandintheend,inthemiddleof,atthebackof7.用在某些形容词或分词前表示一类人theinjured,thegrown-up,theblind,therich,thewounded,theyoung,8.Thesoldierwaswoundedintheknee,buthecaughttheenemyofficerbythearm.身体部位用the9.指世界上独一无二的事物，表示发明物的单数名词前加冠词。theworld,thesun/earth/sky/moonthecompasswasinventedbyChina10.在逢十的复数名词前表示某个年代。WhenhewenttoAmericainthe1870’s,hewasalreadyinhisforties.11.在乐器的名称前用定冠词。theviolin/thepiano/theguitar12.形容词最高级前用the,副词最高级常省略the.themostbeautiful,thebest..Whoisthebetteratplayingtheguitarbetweenthetwobrothers.(“两者之中较…的”用the+adj.比较级)Herunsfastest.13.用在表示具体单位的名称前Ihiredthecarbythehour/day/month.Eggsaresoldbythedozen.(bytheyard)但是在非具体名词前不用bylength/height/weight14.带冠词的专有名词：1）江河，海洋，湖泊，运河，海湾，海峡，山脉，群岛，森林，平原，沙漠等专有名词前thetheEnglishChannel英吉利海峡,theSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠theSuezCanalthePacific/Atlantic/ArticOcean太平洋theHimalayas,theRedSea,theSaltLaketheTaiwanStrait,theGulfofMexicoThePhilippines菲律宾群岛2)报刊，书籍，杂志TheNewYorkTimesTheTimes,TheBible,TheReader’sDigest3)含有普通名词的专有名词前用theThePeople’sRepublicofChina,TheWhiteHouse,ThePeople’sDailyTheCommunistPartyofChinatheChinese,theJapanese,theIrish等表示这个国家和民族的全体人员。theEnglish/ChineselanguagetheSmiths/theTurners一家人4)团体机构,公众建筑物TheLeaningTowerofPisa,BeijngUniversityTheUnitesStates,TheUnitedNations,TheU.K,TheWorldTradeOrganization常见含有定冠词的短语bythepound,byweight按重量算bytheway,inthedistance,inthefuture,intheend,intheopenaironthecontrary相反onthewhole总的来说outofthequestion不可能intheway挡道（三）不使用冠词的场合1.专有名词，人名，地名，国名，(世界）节日，月份，季节，星期的名词，如果没有限制性定语或不表示某一特定时间前面一般不用theIfwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?对比：inthewinterof1997ThefinalcameonaSunday.某一个星期天LabourDay,NationalDay,Newyear’sDay,Children’sDay但是中国传统节日名称前常用theTheSpringFestivaltheLanternFestival2.物质名词或抽象名词前一般不用冠词。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Desksandchairsaremadeofwood.Waterisveryimportantforman.Disciplineproducesawell-behavedchild.Knowledgeispower.Practicemakesperfect.3.球类,学科，疾病，游戏，颜色，感官名词前，不用the。Economics/politics/English/physics….Hesufferedfromcancer2yearsago.Helikesplaying(football/badminton,volleyball,basketball,baseball…)Doyouplaychess,bridge下棋，玩桥牌Purpleisabeautifulcolour.Smellisoneofthefivesenses.注意：fever,headache,cough,cut,pain等前用冠词haveafever/abadcough…4.三餐的前面：breakfast,lunch,supper,dinner的名词前面不用冠词。Whatdowehaveforsupper?Sheisatlunch.Dinnerisready.注：如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,表示类别用aThebreakfastIorderedstillhasn’tarrived.Thatwasadelicioussupper/lunch/dinner.Ilikealightbreakfast.清淡的早餐5.表示独一无二的职位,头衔等名词，在句中充当表语、补语、同位语时前面不用冠词Hewasappointeddeanoftheoffice.LincolnwasmadePresidentoftheU.S.A.ProfessorZhang,Dr.Steven6.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词bybus/plane/air/land/sea/ship/tube7.如果名词前面有所有格，指示代词，疑问词，以及some,little,each,few,any,no,anotherevery,much,many等形容词作定语时，不用冠词。thismorning,nosuchstudent.whosepurse,ourresearchgroup,thesebookssomeinterestingstories8.复数可数名词或不可数名词表示泛指意义，而不表示特指意义时不用冠词。Theyareteachers,notstudents.Peoplein