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英语国家概况》英国部分课后问题答案（1-2章）Chapter1landandpeople1.whatarethedifferencesbetweenBritainandtheBritishIsles，GreatBritain，England，theUnitedKingdomandtheBritishCommonwealth？TheBritishIsles，GreantBritinaandEnglandaregeographicalnames，notheofficialnamesofthecountry，whiletheofficialnameistheUnitedKingdom，butthefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.TheBritishCommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritian.2.DescribethegeographicalpositionofBritian？Britainisanislandcountry.ItliesinthenorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishchannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.3.WhereaboutsinGreatBritainaremostlyhighlandandlowland？ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighland，whilethesouthandsouth-eastaremostlylowlands.4.DoesBritainhaveafavourableclimate？why？Yes，ithasafavourableclimate，becauseithasamaritimetypeofclimate——wintersaremild，nottoocoldandsummersarecool，nottoohot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Ithasasmallrangeoftemperature，too.5.whatarethefactorswhichinfluencetheclimateinBritain？WhichpartofBritainhasthemostrainfallandwhichpartisthedriest？ThefactorswhichinfluencetheclimateinBritainarethefollowingthree：1）Thesurroundingwatersbalancetheseasonaldifferences；2）theprevailingsouth-westwindsbringwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepthetemperaturesmoderate；3）theNorthAtlanticDrift，awarmcurrent，passesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.Thenorthwesternparthasthemostrainfall，whilethesouth-easterncorneristhedriest.6.DescribethedistributionofBritain‘spopulation.Britainhasapopulationof57million.Itisdenselypopulated，withanaverageof237peoplepersquarekilometre.Itisalsoveryunevenlydistributed，with90%ofthepopulationinurbanareas，10%inruralareas.Geographically，mostBritishpeopleliveinEngland.Ofthetotalof57millionpeople，47millionliveinEngland，14millionliveinLondonandSoutheasternEngland.7.WhatarethethreenaturalzonesinScotland？ThethreenaturalzonesinScotlandare：theHighlandsinthenorth，thecentralLowlands，andthesouthernUplands.8.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheancestorsoftheEnglishandScots，WelshandIrish？TheancestorsoftheEnglishareAnglo-Saxons，whiletheScots，WelshandrishareCelts.9.WhatarethedifferencesincharacterandspeechbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland？HowdotheWelshkeeptheirlanguageandculturealive？TheWelshareemotionalandcheerfulpeople.TheScotsarehospitable，generousandfriendly.IrishareknownfortheircharmandvivacityaswellasforthebeautyoftheirIrishgirls.ThroughouttheyeartheyhavefestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycalledEisteddfodau.OntheseoccasionscompetitionsareheldinWelshpoetry，music，singingandartandinthiswaytheykeeptheWelshlanguageandWelshculturealive.10.WhatisthemainprobleminNorthernIreland？HundredsofyearsagoScotsandEnglishProtestantsweresenttoliveinNorthernIreland.SincethentherehasbeenbitterfightingbetweentheProtestantsandtheRomanCatholics.Theformerarethedominantgroup，whilethelatterareseekingmoresocial，pliticalandeconomicapportunities.ThebritishGovernmentandthegovernmentofIrelandarenowworkingtogethertobringpeacetoNorthernIreland.Chapter2TheOriginsofaNation1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheRomaninvasionofBritain？In55BCand54BC，JuliusCaesar，aRomangeneral，invadedBritaintwice.InAD43，theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400yearsBritainwasundertheRomanoccupation.Thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation.BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.2.WhywastheRomaninfluenceonBritainsolimited？BritainwasundertheRomanoccupationfornearly400years.TheRomansbuiltmanytowns，roads，baths，templesandbuildings.TheymakegooduseofBritain‘snaturalresources.Theyalsobroughtthenewreligion，Christianity，toBritain.However，althoughBritainbecamepartoftheRomanEmpire，RomaninfluenceuponBritainwasverylimited.TheRomanstreatedtheBritainsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclass.theyneverintermarried.TheromanshasnoinfluenceonthelanguageorcultureofordinaryBritains.3.WhoweretheAnglo-SaxonsandhowdidtheHeptarchycomeintobeing？TheAnglo-SaxonsreferredtothethreeTeutonictribeswhoinvadedBritaininthemid-5thcentury.TheywereJutes，SaxonsandAngles.Inthe7thcentury，theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedBritainandthethreetribessettledindifferentpartofBritainwhichwasdividedintomanysmallkingdomsofKent，Sussex，Wessex，EastAnglia，MerciaandNorthumbria.SotheyhavebeengiventhenameofHeptarchy.4.HowweretheearlyAnglo-SaxonsconvertedtoChristainity？TheAnglo-SaxonsbroughttheirownTeutonicreligiontoBritainwhentheyinvadedBritain，andChristianitywasonlyafringebelief.So，in579，PopeGregoryIsentSt.AugustinetoEnglandtoconverttheheathenEnglishtoChristianity.Augustinewasverysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility，andbecamethefirstArchbishopofCanterbury.Buttheconversionofthecommonpeoplewaslargelyduetothemissionaryactivitiesofthemonksinthenorth.Manysamllmonasteriessprangupthroughouttheocuntry.5.WhatcontributionsdidtheearlyAnglo-SasonsmaketotheEnglishstate？Thoughtheanglo-Saxonswerebrutalpeople，theylaidthefoundationoftheEnglishstate.Firstly，themodernnamesof“England”and“English”derivedfromtheAngles.Secondly，theydividedthecountryintoshires，withshirecourtsa