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英语新闻报道的结构I.IntroductionWhatisnews?1.Newsisafreshreportofevents,facts,oropinionsthatpeopledidnotknowbeforetheyreadyourstory.新闻就是针对人们读你的报道以前还不知道的事件、事实或观点的一种全新报道。2.Newsisanythingtimelythatinterestsanumberofpersons,andthebestnewsisthatwhichhasthegreatestinterestofthegreatestnumber.凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西,便是新闻。而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最大兴趣的东西。3.Newsisanyevent,ideaoropinionthatistimely,thatinterestsoraffectsalargenumberofpeopleinacommunityandthatiscapableofbeingunderstoodbythem.新闻是指人们能及时获悉的事件、观点或见解，它能吸引或影响社会上的许多人，并能为他们所理解。4.Newsisthereportingofanythingtimelywhichhasimportance,use,orinteresttoaconsiderablenumberofpersonsinapublicationaudience.新闻是对任何事物的及时报道，对于读者群体中的许多人来说，这类报道具有重要性、实用性或趣味性。5.Ifadogbitesaman,itisnotnews;ifamanbitesadog,it's(big)news.狗咬人并非新闻，人咬狗才是（大）新闻。……Newsisanaccountofwhatishappeningaroundus.Itmayinvolvecurrentevents,newinitiativeorongoingprojectsorissues.Butnewsisnotonlyaboutwhat’stakingplaceoftheday,italsoconcernsbackgroundanalysis,opinions,humanintereststories,etc.A.Identifynewscategories•thenatureofthereportedevents1.hardnews2.softnews•Hardnewsishowjournalistsrefertonewsoftheday.Itisachronicleofcurrentevents/incidentsandisthemostcommontypeofnewsprintedonthefrontpageofatypicalnewspaper.•硬新闻关系到国计民生以及人们切身利益的新闻。包括党和国家的重大方针、政策的制定和改变，时局变化，市场行情，股市涨落，银根松紧，疾病流行，天气变化，重大灾难事故等等。这类新闻为人们的政治、经济、工作、日常生活的决策提供依据。•Softnewsisatermforallthenewsthatisn’ttime-sensitive（时效性）,includingprofilesofpeople,programsororganizations,etc.•软新闻：人情味较浓的社会新闻（社会花边新闻、娱乐新闻、体育新闻、服务性新闻等），形式上通俗，注重趣味性。它没有明确的时间界定，多属于延缓性新闻，无时间的紧迫性。它和人们的切身利益无多大关系，向受众提供娱乐、开阔眼界、增长知识、陶冶情操。•thecontentofthereportedeventse.g.economicnews,politicalnews.Sportsnews,entertainmentnews,technologynews,obituary,etc.•theregionofthereportedeventse.g.internationalnews,domesticnews,localnews,etc.•theissuingmediumofthereportedeventse.g.printnews,broadcastnews,TVnews,onlinenews,etc.B.IdentifynewsstylesTherearemainlyfournewsstyleswhichare(1)newsreporting(消息报道)(2)feature(特写)(3)editorial(社论)(4)advertisement(广告)II.NewsStructureA.Thelead•Everyhardnewsarticlestartswithalead—thefirst1-2sentencesthatsummarizethemostinterestingpointofthearticle.Theleadshouldbebriefyetcatchy,givingthereaderaninstantsenseofwhatthearticleisaboutandmakinghimorherwanttoreadmore.新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一段文字，也是最重要的部分，通常是标题的展开形式，记者必须把新闻时间的主要情节用一两句化概括在新闻导语的第一段里。这是新闻报道的精华所在。按照新闻报道的要求，导语尽可能回答５个Ｗ和一个Ｈ即Ｗhat（何事）、Ｗho（何人）、Ｗhere（何地）、Ｗhy（为何）和Ｈow（如何）。这个观点曾被西方新闻界视为金科玉律，但是由于新闻导语趋于愈来愈短，因此，新闻导语现在一般未必包含所有的新闻要素，而是突出其中最重要的新闻要素，其他要素可放在以下的段落。•DENVER,Colorado(AP)AlightningstrikeatagolfcoursedrivingrangeSaturdaykilledamanandinjuredhis16-year-oldson,afiredepartmentspokeswomansaid•WhenSaturday•WhereAtagolfcourse•WhoAmanandhisson•WhatLightningkilledthemanandinjuredhisson•NEWYORK(ReutersHealth)Teenagerswhospend3hoursadayormoreinfrontofthetelevisionareatriskofdevelopingsleepingproblemlaterinlife,newresearchreports.•WhoTeenagers•WhatTeenagersmaydevelopsleepproblems•WhenLaterintheirlife•How•SpendingthreehoursormoreinfrontofTV•ByEMMAROSS,APMedicalWriterBANGKOK,Thailand-Asia’sbirdfludeathtollroseto12withtheannouncementMondayoftwoadditionaldeaths,whileChinasaiditsuspectedthevirushasreachedpoultryinoneofitsmostremotecorners•WhenMonday,•WhereThailand•WhatBirdfludeathtollroseto12•WhoThailandandChina•Inasoftnewsstory,however,theleadshouldpresentthesubjectofthestorybyallusion(暗示;引喻).Thistypeofopeningissomewhatliterary(文学的).Likeanovelist(小说家),theroleofthewriteristograbtheattentionofthereader.B.The5“W’s”andtheHNewsarticles,especiallyahardnewsstory,alwaysincludetheessentials—who,what,where,when,whyandhow.Goodnewswritingattemptstoanswerallthebasicquestionsaboutanyparticulareventinthefirsttwoorthreeparagraphs.Whoisinvolved?Whomadeascientificdiscovery?Who’sspeakingataforum?Whomadethedonation?Whoorganizedthenewstaffgroup?(Notjustnames,buttitlesandbriefbackgroundsifnecessary.)Whatisthenatureofthenewsstoryorevent?Isitaboutascientificdiscovery,aneconomicconference,adeliveredspeech,aheavyfloodorcasualtyintheMiddleEast?Whereisthenewsoreventtakingplace?Whenwill(ordid)theeventtakeplace?Whattimeanddateistheevent,orwhenwillsomeonebeavailableforaninterviewifneeded?Whyisthestorynewsworthy?Tellreaderswhytheyshouldcare.Whowillbeaffectedbythisnewsandhow?Inotherwords,whatdistinguishesthestoryoreventfromothers?Howusuallydescribesthemannerinwhichtheactionoccurs.C.“invertedpyramid”structure•Journalisminstructorsusuallydescribetheorganizationorstructureofanewsstoryasaninvertedpyramid.•Thisupsidedowntriangleservesasaguideforhowyouincludeinformationinthestory.•Usingtheinvertedpyramidmeansstartingwiththemostimportantinformation,thengivingthenextmostimportantinformationandsoon.TheInvertedPyramidFormInotherwords,itistopresentfromthemostimportantmaterialtotheleastimportantandfromgeneralpointstospecificdetails.Manypeoplereadonlythefirstfewparagraphsofastory,soit’simportanttostartwiththemostvitalinformationandadddetailsfuturedown.Thankyouforyourattention!!