The-Renaissance英国文学文艺复兴时期总结

TheRenaissanceThisisagreatestandmostadvancedrevolutioninthehumanhistory.Thisistheagethegiantsareneededandproduced.------F.Engles1BriefintroductionRenaissanceinEuropeanhistory,referstotheperiodbetween14thcenturyto17thcentury.ItstartedinItalyandendedinEnglandandSpain.“Renaissance”means“revival”,therevivalofinterestinAncientGreekandRomancultureandgettingridofconservatisminfeudalistEuropeandintroducingnewideasthatexpresstheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie.RenaissancesprangfirstinItaly(FlorenceandVenice)withthefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture,andgraduallyspreadalloverEurope;Renaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicalartsandscience(ancientGreekandRomanculture)afterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.DuringtheperiodofRenaissance:1.theRomanCatholicChurchwasshaken,2.oldsciencesrevivedandnewsciencesemerged,3.nationallanguagesandculturestookshape,4.artandliteratureflourishedBriefintroductionTherearoseaninterestinthemanuscriptssurvivingfromancientGreeceandRome.Classicallearningandphilosophywereenthusiasticallystudied.TheintellectualwisdomofancientGreeceandRomeencouragedarebirthofhumanspirit，arealizationofhumanpotentialfordevelopmentandcreation．Neverbeforeinhumanhistoryweremenandwomensoeagertocreateanddiscoversomethingnew．InItalyagroupofartists，scientists，politicians，andwriterscreatedthemostbrilliantpageofcultureandscienceinRenaissanceEurope．Examples:①Copernicus(哥白尼)assertedthattheearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniverse；②ThepassionatePetrarchproducedsonnetsthatinfluencedShakespeareandmanyothers；③Boccaccio(卜伽邱)wrotetalesofeternalcharm:TheDecameron；④MarcoPolo(马可波罗)madejourneysintotheremotekingdomofChina；⑤Michelangelo（米开朗琪罗），LeonardodaVinci(达芬奇)，Raphael(拉斐尔)，andTitian(提香)createdpaintingsandsculpturesthatareinvaluabletreasuresoftheworld．2EssenceandfeaturesEssence:Itisthereflectionoftheriseofbourgeoisieinthesphereofculturallife.（另版本）：Renaissance,inessence,isahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptsto:togetridofconservatisminFeudalistEurope;tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,tolifttherestrictionsinallareasplacedbytheRomanchurchauthorities.Brieflyitisthereflectionoftheriseofbourgeoisieinthesphereofculturallife.Features:therearetwostrikingfeatures①Athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.②Thekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.3RenaissanceandHumanismRenaissance:thetermoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicalartsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.Indeed,agreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.Humanism：Theprogressivethinkersofthehumanistsheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiasticalknowledge,butinman,hisenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipationofmanfromthetyrannyofthechurchandreligiousdogmas.Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Itreflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass;4HumanismHumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreareverencefortheGreekandRomancivilizationbasedontheconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Contrarytothesubordinationofindividualstothefeudalrulesandthesacrificeofearthlylifeforafuturelifeinthemedievalsociety,Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentforperfection.Byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoylife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.5FeaturesofhumanisminRenaissanceEmphasizingthepower,valueanddignityofthehumanbeingandholdingthathumanbeingsaregloriouscreaturesThecoreofRenaissancethoughtisthegreatnessofman/giants.ThisisbestsummarizedinthelinesofShakespeare’sHamletWhatapieceofworkisman;hownobleinreason;howinfiniteinfaculty,informandmovinghowexpressandadmirable;inactionhowlikeandangel;inapprehensionhowlikeagod!Thebeautyoftheworld,theparagonofanimals.人是一件多么了不起的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的力量！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行为上多么像一个天使！在智慧上多么想一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！1.Emphasizingsecularhappinessandindividualismagainstthemedievalideasofasceticism;2.shiftingman’sinterestfromChristianitytohumanity,fromreligiontophilosophy,frombeautyandgreatnessofGodtothebeautyofhumanbodyinallitsjoysandpains.3.ApplyingAristotle’stheory,Humanistliteraturemainlyuserealisticstyleandtakeliteratureasthemirrororminiatureofthesociety.6InfluenceandEnglishRenaissanceInfluences:1.TheseItalians,andmanyothers,helpedtomakeItalythecenteroftheRenaissancemovementinEurope.2.ThemovementchangedthemedievalWesternEuropeintoamodernone．3.TheintellectualwisdomofancientGreeceandRomeencouragedarebirthofhumanspirit，arealizationofhumanpotentialfordevelopmentandcreationEnglishRenaissance:OxfordReformers:theOxfordreformers,scholarsandhumanistsintroducedclassicalliteraturetoEngland.Educationwasrevitalizedandliteraturebecamemorepopular.ThiswasEngland’sGoldenAgeinliterature.ThereappearedmanyEnglishliterarygiantssuchasShakespeare,Spenser,Johnson,Sidney,Marlowe,BaconandDonne.EnglishRenaiss