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1被动语态（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.汉语现在被很多人使用。主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spokenChinesewasspokenbynotmanyforeigners50yearsago.汉语在50年前鲜有外国人使用。一般将来时：will／shallbe＋spokenChinesewillbespokenbymoreforeigners.会有跟过外国人说汉语。现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋spokenChineseisbeingspokenbytheforeigner.那个外国人正在说汉语。过去进行时：was/werebeing＋spokenChinesewasbeingspokenbytheforeignerwhenIarrived.当我到达时，那个外国人正在说汉语。现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋spokenChinese,includingmandarinandcantonese,hasbeenspokenforover1000years.包括普通话和粤语的汉语至今已经被使用超过千年了。过去完成时：hadbeen+spokenChinese,includingmandarinandcantonese,hadbeenspokenforover1000yearsbytheendof2000.2000年之前，包括普通话和粤语的汉语至今已经被使用超过千年了。（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.所有人当时都取消他。当时他被所有人取笑。Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.他们平时在工厂制造这些单车。平时这些单车在工厂被制造。Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.他当时砍了一棵树。当时一棵树被他砍了。（四）含有情态动词的被动语态2含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.我们能够在两天之内修好这个手表。这个手表能够在两天之内被修好。Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.他们应该马上做这件事。这件事应该被马上做。（五）特殊情况1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.他让那个男孩昨天干了两个小时的活。→Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.那个男孩被他要求昨天干了两个小时的活。2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.我妈从来不让我看电视。→IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.我从来没被我妈允许看电视。常见的句型结构：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......ItwasagreedthatFortuneGlobalForum2017wouldbeheldinGuangzhoulastyear.去年大家都同意财富论坛2017在广州举行。Itis(was)wellknownthat......众所周知ItiswellknownthatGuangzhouisoneofthekeycityinChina.众所周知广州是中国的中心城市。Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)Itwasreportedthattheperformanceby1180unmannedairvehicle(UAV)nearCantonToweryesterdayeveningwaswonderful.据报道说昨晚在广州塔附近1180无人机的表演很精彩。3二、典型例题（）1．—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.–I’msorry,butI_____whentomeet.A.don’ttellB.didn’ttellC.haven’ttoldD.wasn’ttold（）2．Manyoldhousesaroundourschool____nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A.pulldownB.willbepulleddownC.willpulldownD.arepulleddown（）3．---Mywatch______.---Don’tworry.Let’sgototheLost&Found.A.islostB.isbrokenC.hasfoundD.hasstopped（）4．---DidyougotoSam’sweekendparty?---No,I___________.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite（）5．--Howoften______yourschoolsportsmeeting______?--Onceayear.A.does;holdB.was;holdC.is;heldD.did;hold（）6．TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.AareheldBwereheldC．areholdingD．willho1d（）7．.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed（）8．—Thoseeggsofdifferentcolorsareverybeautiful.—Yes,they______inHangzhou.A.paintedB.werepaintingC.werepaintedD.hadpainted（）9．---Don’tlittertheground,boy,Lookatthesign::“Rubbishintothedustbin.”---Sorry.A,hasthrowB,wasthrowC,mustthrowD,mustbethrown（）10．Heismade______workfor12hourseveryday.A．workBworkingC．toworkD.worked（）11.Thegirlwasoftenheardhappilyinherroom.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings（）12.Usuallycomputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）13.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings_________inourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild（）14.Thesickboy_________tohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took（）15.--It’sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.--Ithinkabridge_________overtheriver.A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt4（）16.--David,turnofftheTV________nooneiswatchingit.--Butit________offalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.A.sothat,hasbeenturnedB.when,hasturnedB.if,hasbeenturnedD.because,hasturned（）17.UsuallyJohntoschoolinhisfather’sbeautifulcar.A.hastakenB.istakingC.istakenD.hasbeentaken（）18.Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork_________today.A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone（）19.--Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!--Yeah,it________nearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilt（）20.Don’tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyou_________todoso.A.askB.areaskedC.willaskD.willbeasked1-5DBABC2-10ADCDC11-15CCABD16-20BCDBB