(类别:全日制硕士研究生题目:基于暂态特征量的自适应接地保护算法研究英文题目:StudyonAdaptiveEarthingProtectionAlgorithmBaseonTransientFeature研究生:李烨学科名称:电力系统及其自动化指导教师:杨炳元教授二○一○年四月硕士学位论文分类号:学校代码:10128UDC:学号:20071410摘要在我国,3kV~66kV的中低压配电网,普遍采用中性点非有效接地方式,也就是小电流接地系统,此系统发生的故障大多是单相接地故障。随着社会的发展和科技的进步,人们对供电的稳定性和质量提出了更高的要求,这就要求供电部门在故障发生后,能在昀短的时间内准确找到故障点,迅速切除故障线路并恢复正常供电。虽然国内外的科研工作者对小电流接地系统的选线判据做了大量的研究,提出了众多选线方法,产生了深远的影响,但从选线装置的运行来看,选线的正确率仍然很低。因此,有必要对故障选线方法继续进行研究。当前大多数学者的研究模型为纯架空线出线或纯电缆出线,线路类型单一,出线条数比较少且线路都比较长,与实际电网有很大的差别。现实中,配电网的输电线路多采用线-缆混搭,且很多线路都较短,甚至不足1km。本文以现实中满洲里市某10KV变电站一次系统的参数建立仿真模型进行选线研究,此模型为缆-线混搭,有七条出线,线路都为短线路。本文在综合了大量文献及自己的多次仿真结果后,得出利用Mayr电弧模型进行仿真时,故障现象比用纯电阻表示的电弧与理论分析更吻合的结论,所以在进行故障研究时使用Mayr电弧模型;虽然单相故障的暂态过程比较短,但特征量中包含的故障信息比稳态时的多,小波包能同时对信号的低频与高频部分进行分解,能根据被分析信号的特征自适应地选择相应频带,具有良好的时频定位特性,可用其对各线路的暂态特征量进行分析。由于特征频带内,故障现象明显,故障线路零模电流的幅值大于所有非故障线路的,而相位与非故障线路的零模电流相反,可以依此作为故障选线的理论基础。本文的选线方法是:在特征频带内,对幅值排前三位的线路的各特征量进行db5小波包分解,选择能量昀大的节点进行比幅比相,零模电流幅值昀大且首半波相位与其它线路相反的线路即为故障线路。本文通过几个典型的故障算例仿真,证明此选线方法可以准确的选出故障线路,具有一定的实用价值。关键词:小电流接地系统;特征频带;Mayr电弧模型;选线;小波包AbstractInourcountry,non-effectivelyearthedneutralwaywhichalsocalledsmallcurrentgroundingsystemiswidelyusedin3kV-66kVmediumvoltagedistributionnetworks.Failureshappenedinthissystemaremostlysingle-phasegroundfault.Asthesocialdevelopmentandtheadvancementoftechnology,peopleaskedhigherrequirementsonthestabilityandqualityofpowersupply.Asaresult,electricitysectorsmustfindtheexactpointoffailureintheshorttimeaspossibleastheycanwhenafailurehappened,removethefaultlineandresumenormalpowersupply.Althoughdomesticandforeignresearchershavedonealotofworksonearthfaultlineselection,madealotofmethodtoselectfaultlineandhaveafar-reachingimpact.butviewfromtheresultofselectingdeviceoperation,therateofselectingthecorrectlineislow.soitisnecessarytocontinuestudymethodsoffaultlineselection.Themodelwhichalotofresearchersuseingofisalwaysonlyaeriallinesoronlycables.Ithaveafewlineswhichissolong.Sothemodelisdifferentofactualpower.Inreality,transmissionlinesofdistributionnetworkisoftenline-cableMashup.Someisshortandoftenshorterthen10Km.Therefore,thisthesisbuildsimulationmodelbasingona10KVsubstationsystemparametersofManchurian.Thismodelhavesevenlinesandeverylineisshore,haveaerialline、cableandline-cableMashup.Assynthesizingalargenumberofdocumentsandtheiranalysisandalotsofsimulation,thethesisconcludethat:theresultusingMayrarcmodelismoreconsistenttotheoreticalanalysisthenusingpureresistance.SostudylinefailurewithMayrarcmodel.Althoughthetransientstateprocessofsingle-phasefaultisshort,itscharacteristicquantitieshavemorefaultinformationthenthesteadystate.Waveletpacketcandecomposelowandhighfrequencypartsofaabruptchangesignalandselecttheappropriatefrequencybandadaptivelyaccordingtothecharacteristicsoftheanalyzedsignal.ithavegoodtime-frequencylocalizationcharacteristics.Soitcanbeusedinanalyzethetransientcharacteristics.Inspecialfrequencyband,failurephenomenonisobvious.Thezero-modecurrentamplitudeoffaultlineisgreaterthenallnon-faultlinesandthezero-modecurrentphaseoffaultlineisoppositewithallnon-faultlines.soitcanbeasthetheoreticalbasisoffaultlineselection.Lineselectionmethodisthat:inspecialfrequencyband,decomposethecharacteristicquantityofthetopthreelineswithdb5waveletpacketwhichamplitudeislarge,selectthenodewhichhavemaximumenergyandcompareamplitudeandphase.Thelineisfaultlinewhichzero-modecurrentamplitudeislargestandzero-modecurrentphaseoffirsthalf-waveisoppositewithotherlineandzero-modevoltageofsystem.ThethesistestthisselectionmethodcanselectfaultlineaccuratelyandhassomepracticalvaluebyseveraltypicalexamplesoffaultsimulationKeywords:smallcurrentgroundingsystem;specialfrequencyband;Mayrarcmodel;faultylineselection;Waveletpacket目录第一章绪论.........................................................11.1选题背景及意义..................................................11.2中性点接地方式及其优缺点介绍...................................11.3常用故障选线方法的介绍及选线不准确的原因分析....................21.3.1常用选线方法介绍..........................................21.3.2影响小电流系统选线准确性的原因分析........................71.4本论文研究的主要内容............................................9第二章配电系统故障分析...............................................112.1单相接地时故障特征分析.........................................112.1.1中性点不接地系统故障特征分析..............................112.1.2中性点经消弧线圈接地系统故障特征分析......................132.2相模变换介绍...................................................152.3特征频带及其自适应选取.........................................172.3.1特征频带的介绍............................................172.3.2特征频带的自适应捕捉介绍.................................182.4本章小结.......................................................20第三章小波分析及其在MATLAB中的应用..................................213.1傅里叶变换和小波分析比较.......................................213.2快速Fourier变换...............................................233.3小波分析的基本理论............................................233.3.1连续小波变换..............................................233.3.2离散小波变换.............................................243.3.3多分辨率分析及Mallat算法................................253.3.4小波包...................................................253.4