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（十二）复合句英语第二部分语法专项突破篇中考考点透视1考纲概览2考点透视考点一：宾语从句构成规则及用法示例引导词that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.他告诉我说他这周日要去购物。what，which，who，whose，whom等在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等Idon'tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他们打算做什么。引导词when，why，where，how等在从句中作状语Pleasetellmewhereyouarefrom.请告诉我你来自哪里。引导词if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略，当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时，引导词用if或whether，如果从句有ornot或从句充当介词的宾语时，引导词只能用whetherSheaskedmeif/whethershecouldjoinus.她问我她是否能加入我们。Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.我不知道他是否会来。构成规则及用法示例语序使用陈述句语序Iknowwhereshecomesfrom.我知道她来自哪里。时态主句是现在的时态，从句时态可根据实际情况而定Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我知道他十年前住在这儿。主句是过去的时态，从句也要用过去的时态Iknewwholivedhere.我知道过去谁住在这儿。时态从句表示客观真理、自然现象等时，无论主句是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时Theteachertoldtheboythattheearthisround.老师告诉那个男孩地球是圆的。特例清单宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如：Shedoesn'tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.＝Shedoesn'tknowwhattodonext.她不知道接下来该做什么。()1.(2019·广东)—HaveyoudecidedtheExpo2019Beijing?—Thissummerholiday.A．howareyougoingtoB．howyouaregoingtoC．whenareyougoingtoD．whenyouaregoingtoD()2.(2019·青岛)—Couldyoutellmetomorrow?—Itwillbesunny.A．whatwilltheweatherbelikeB．whattheweatherwillbelikeC．whenwilltheweatherbesunnyD．whentheweatherwillbesunnyB()3.(2019·黄冈)—Idon'tknowduringthesummervacation.Doyouhaveanyadvice?—HowaboutvisitingBeijingInternationalHorticulturalExpo(北京国际园艺博览会)?A．whatshouldIdoB．whenshouldIgoC．whatIshoulddoD．whenIshouldgoC()4.(2019·咸宁)—IamworriedaboutIcanenteragoodhighschoolornot.—Takeiteasy.Believeinyourself!A．thatB．whenC．whetherD．whereC()5.(2019·孝感)ZhongWeitoldhisfriendstobebacktohishometown.A．howhappyheisB．howhappyhewasC．heishowhappyD．hewashowhappyB()6.(2019·眉山)—WhatdidTomsaytoyoujustnow，John?—Heasked.A．whyIamsohappytodayB．whatwillIdofortheweekendC．whodidIplayfootballwithafterschoolD．ifIcouldgotothemovieswithhimtonightD()7.(2019·酒泉)IwonderTomhadagoodtimehavingapicnicyesterday.A．thatB．ifC．whatD．whichB()8.(2019·南京)—Iwonder.—Someonewhocanmakemeabetterperson.A．whenyouoftenmeetyourfriendsB．howyoumakeyourfriendshappyC．whoyouwanttomakefriendswithD．whereyouspendweekendswithfriendsC()9.(2019·河南)Beforeyouasksomeoneforhelp，findoutheistherightpersonforyourproblem.A．sinceB．thatC．whetherD．unlessC考点二：定语从句关系词作用先行词示例that，who，whom主语、宾语人Themanwhoisworkingthereismybrother.在那边工作的那个人是我的弟弟。that，which主语、宾语物Thisisthebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.这就是我昨天买的那本书。whose定语人/物Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.窗户开着的那个房间是我的。when状语时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。where状语地点Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我的妈妈工作的学校。why状语原因ThatisthereasonwhyIcamehere.那就是我为什么来这儿的原因。特例清单定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况：(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用that。如：IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou？我能为你做点什么吗？(2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用that。如：Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把所有发生的事情都告诉了他的妈妈。(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用that。如：ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.这是我度过的最美好的时光。(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用that。如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。(5)当先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时，只能使用that。如：Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.他是唯一能帮你走出困境的人。(6)先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能使用that。如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的人和事。()1.(2019·滨州)—Doyouknowthemanspokeatthemeetingjustnow?—No，Idon'tknow.A．whatB．whoC．whichD．whoseB()2.(2019·铜仁)—Whatareyoudoing?—Wearetalkingaboutthebooksandwriterswelike.A．thatB．whichC．whoD．whomA()3.(2019·黄冈)—TomorrowisFather'sDay.What'syoursurpriseforyourfather?—ThefirstthingIwilldoistomakeacardforhim.A．whoB．whereC．whoseD．thatD()4.(2019·天水)—HaveyouseenthefilmTheWanderingEarth(流浪地球)?—Yes.It'sthebestoneIhaveeverseen.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．itA()5.(2019·乐山改编)—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthestorybookyoulenttomelastweek.A．whoB．whichC．whenB()6.(2019·淮安)Thecharitieshavehelpedmorechildrenwiththemoneypeopleraise.A．whoB．whatC．whereD．whichD()7.(2019·曲靖)WewillneverforgetthefiremenlosttheirlivesintheforestfireinApril2019inLiangshan，Sichuan.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．whenA考点三：状语从句分类连接词示例时间状语从句when/while/as，before，after，since，until，assoonasShewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.当有人敲门的时候，她正在做饭。HeoftenwenttotheconcertwhilehestayedinBerlin.他在柏林期间经常去音乐会。条件状语从句if，aslongas，unlessI'llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.如果我有时间我会去看你的。原因状语从句because，since，as，forHedidn'tcatchthefirstbusbecausehegotuptoolate.他起床太晚了，所以没赶上第一班公共汽车。目的状语从句sothat，inorderthatPleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.请大声说以便每个人都能听到。结果状语从句sothat，so…that/such…thatIt'ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.天如此热以至于我们想去游泳。让步状语从句though/although，evenifAlthoughit'sraininghard，theyarestillworkinghardinthefield.尽管雨下得很大，他们仍然在田里努力工作。()1.(2019·菏泽改编)mygrandpaisover80yearsold，hestilllooksstrongandhealthy.A．AlthoughB．BecauseC．UnlessD．IfA()2.(2019·青岛)Friendsarelikebooks.Youdon'tneedalotofthemtheyaregood.A．orB．andC．aslongasD．assoonasC()3.(2019·黄冈)—WhatdoyouthinkofthenewmovieTheWanderingEarth(《流浪地球》)?—It'swonderfulIreallylikeit.A．so；thatB．such；thatC．too；toD．enough；toA()4.(2019·咸宁)—Let'sgoclimbingifitthisSaturday.—Goodidea.Butnobodyknowsifit.A．isfine；rainsB．isfine；willrainC．willbefine；rai