产业组织理论的新进展与铁路竞争

19935020NIOTIO)1994,(”“NIOTIOSCP)2003()2000()2000(,TirolefontLaf)2002(NIOTIOSCP)1994()(7020)(705020NIOTIO−199319941994NIOTIOSCP.1TurnerFDSchererMFBainJoeSMasonEdward······.21958.3→→SCP197019591939SCPSCPSPSCP→→→→.41SCP299311994NIOTIO.1PosnerBrozonDemsetzStigler.21968→⎩⎨⎧→SCP.3.4−12MarketseContestablofTheory.1WillingPanzarBaumol.21982.3−X.4121989702019887020LyonsandDavisonOrganizatiIndustrialNewNIO.1Tirole.21989.312345620032001·19891994.420001SCPSCP19882→→←→←→19872eSchmalenseandBresnahanNIOTIO)2000(1994LNIOTIOSCPSCP70201994NIO2000−−SCP)2003·(2002··.1M).(.2SCP.3·.11988.2TschirhartBerg)2001()1988(TiroleontLaffTirole−.1BoiteuxRamsey−BoiteuxRamsey−1{}⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥−−0)()(..)()(maxqCqRtsqCqSqkkkkpcpηλλ11•+=−2⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧•+=•+=∑=nRBSCqpRRBSCpqRniii)()(1JA−0JA−3⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤−−=∧=−∑nPPwXRPIPPnkkktt11)1()2001,(DRwk−4pqAqT+=)(5.21→++)(1→++)(2→+)(3→+)(4→+)(5→+)(6→)(7⎩⎨⎧→)(8)(2ECPRRamseyLRIC3passBy−4.311232414)(3.4)1()2(StiglitzAtkinson−)3()4(