初升高英语衔接课7-8句子基本成分及句型

BasicPartsofEnglishSentence英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)简单句(simplesentence)A.只包含一个主谓结构Maryopenedthedoor.B.两个主语和一个谓语Steveandhisfriendarecomingtodinner.C.一个主语和两个谓语Maryopenedthedoorandgreetedtheguests.并列句(compoundsentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。IturnedontheTV.Iwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions•平行并列连词:•转折并列连词：•因果并列连词:•选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,either…or请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.Hewastired,sohewenttobed.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Maryisopeningthedoor.Johnisgreetingherguests.Maryisopeningthedoor,andJohnisgreetingherguests.复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.Bythetimehearrived,1wehadalreadyleft.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句主句复合句类型：1.形容词性（定语）从句(TheAjectiveClause)2.副词性（状语）从句(TheAdverbialClause)3.名词性（主语、宾语、表语和同位语）从句(TheNounClause)。中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：1.宾语从句2.状语从句3.定语从句指出下列各从句的类型：Ihopethateverythingisallright.ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。Istillremembertheday.IfirstcametoBeijingonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.I’llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.We’llgotothegreatwallifit’sfinetomorrow.Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.有下划线的词叫从属连词(subordinatingconjunction)请用所学知识改正下列病句Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.英语长句的分析一、长句的特点：(1)修饰语多；(2)并列成分多；(3)语言结构层次多。eg.Thestudymadeclearthattheworkingclassthatissoover-representedincrimestatisticsconsistsoflower-classpeoplelivinginthelower-classareasoflargecities.二、理解长句时可采用以下步骤：(1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，(复合句则找出主句的主、谓、宾）从整体上把握句子的结构。Thestudymadeclearthattheworkingclassthatissoover-representedincrimestatisticsconsistsoflower-classpeoplelivinginthelower-classareasoflargecities.Thestudymadeclearthattheworkingclassthatissoover-representedincrimestatisticsconsistsoflower-classpeoplelivinginthelower-classareasoflargecities.主句：Thestudymadethat…clear.(2)找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。Thestudymadeclearthattheworkingclassthatissoover-representedincrimestatisticsconsistsoflower-classpeoplelivinginthelower-classareasoflargecities.(3)分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等。Thestudymadeclearthattheworkingclassthatissoover-representedincrimestatisticsconsistsoflower-classpeoplelivinginthelower-classareasoflargecities.(4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。Thestudymadeclearthattheworkingclassthatissoover-representedincrimestatisticsconsistsoflower-classpeoplelivinginthelower-classareasoflargecities.Theworkingclassconsistsoflower-classpeopleTheworkingclassissoover-representedincrimestatistics.Lower-classpeoplearelivinginthelower-classareasoflargecities.(5)注意插入语等其他成分。(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。