搜索
Definition语气(Mood)是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度，是一种动词形式。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.祈使语气（theImperativeMood）用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Don’tbeworry.虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。真实条件句:如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气Iftimepermits,we’llgofishingtogether.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。虚拟条件句:如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。注意:在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气.一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去（were）过去完成时1.过去时2.should+V.3.weretodoWould/could/should/might+V.（原）Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.would/could/should/might+V.（原）if引导的虚拟条件句If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhewerefree,hewouldgowithyou.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。Ifhehadbeenthere,hecouldhaveseenthefilmIfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeIfmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhavepreventedIfhe_________he___________thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIfthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchild__________.A.wouldn’tbelyingtherefortwohoursB.wouldn’thavelaidtherefortwohoursC.wouldn’thaveliedtherefortwohoursD.wouldn’thavelaintherefortwohours_________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句):有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原的形式出现。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors(should)getdowntoworkatonce.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible注意:当suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.wish引导的虚拟句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）Iwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatclausedid/werehaddonewould/might/woulddowish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”A.hadB.didC.haveD.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretoseeThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothave