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InChina,rubbish,suchasusedplasticbagsandboxesknownas“whitepollution”isbecomingaseriousproblem.Manylakesandriversarepollutedbythewastefromfactories.Asthewealthofthecountryincreases,morewastewillbeproduced.Ifeveryoneinthecountryweretobuyonesoft-drinkcaneachdayandthrowitaway,thewholecountrywouldsoonbecoveredwithrubbish.•Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceoftheparagraphabove?Ifeveryoneweretobuyonesoft-drinkcaneachdayandthrowitaway,thewholecountrywouldsoonbecoveredwithrubbish.与将来事实相反:从句主句If+主语+weretodosthshoulddosthdidsth主语+would/couldshould/mightdosthManyyearslater,IwassailingtoEuropeonafinesailingshipacrosstheAtlantic.Forthegreaterpartofthevoyagewehadpleasantweather,buttowardstheendofourcrossingaterriblestormblewupandtheshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardifithadnotbeenfortheeffortsofthecaptain.•Whatwouldhavehappenedifthecaptainhadnotbeenonboard?theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardifithadnotbeen与过去事实相反:从句主句If+主语+主语+would/couldshould/mighthavedonesthhaddonesth一：含IF条件句的虚拟语气If条件句主句pastnowfuturehad+donewould/could/might/should+havedonedid/werewould/could/might/should+dodid/wereshoulddowereto+do1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier，you_______________thebus.2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。IfI____notbusy,I_________younow.3.如果明天下雪了，我们怎么办？What_____wedoifit__________tomorrow?hadgotwerewouldhelpshouldweretosnowWouldhavecaughtIfI____________busylastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadnotbeenwouldhavegoneIfhemorecarefully,hethecaraccidentyesterday.wouldnothavehadhaddrivenIfhe__________________(notreceive)theinfectedbloodtransfusionthatday,hadnotreceivedhe(notinfect)withAIDS.couldnothavebeeninfectedIfI___________(know)yourtelephonenumber,I_________________________(telephone)youyesterday..hadknownwouldhavetelephoned二：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.Wish的宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.should1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）3.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）2.Wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：过去时过去完成时Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.后接虚拟语气，表示不可能或不真实的事或情形。4.It’s(about/high)time+thatshould+V.过去时我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。一坚持二命令三建议四要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desire注意：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire注意：insist表示“坚持说”时,后面从句不用虚拟语气.如:Sheinsistedthathehadstolenherbike.Suggest表示“暗示”,“表明”时,后面从句中不用虚拟.如:Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheisill.6.without和butfor构成的虚拟。Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.7.Ifonly…引导的虚拟。要是…就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!8.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+thatClause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.表”应该或竟然”时用shouldHerewasaseven-year-oldgirlwhoattheageof19monthshadbecomedeafandblind.AndbecauseIwasdeaf,Icouldnotlearntospeak.IfAnnieSullivanhadn’tcometoourhouse,Iwouldstillbestrugglinginaworldofsilenceanddarkness.•WhatdidAnnieSullivanmeantothedeafandblindgirl?Catchthesentencewithsubjunctivemoodanditsmeaninginthedialogue•Dialogueone:•WhatdidJeannemeaninhercommentonMathilde’sappearance?•Dialoguetwo:•WillJohngotowatchthefootballgame?•Butyoulookasifyouweretenyearsolderthanme.•HowIwishedIcouldgowithyou.Catchthesentencewithsubjunctivemoodanditsmeaninginthedialogue•Dialoguethree:•Whatdoesthefathermean?•Dialoguefour:•Whatdidthemothermean?Itistimeyouwenttobed!Iwouldratheryouhadtakenabus.①错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定。*近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型：IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry______soserious.A.wouldn’tbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeen√Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.②假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词,可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。_______sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.Is√HadItime,Iwouldcome.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcome.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimning.③含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without,or,otherwise,butfor等词隐含某种假设。Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI＿＿＿＿youlongbefore.A.hadvisitedB.havevisitedC.wouldhavevisitedD.shouldvisit√Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.④常见的几种固定句式。如Ifonly,insist,suggest及It’stime/necessary/importantthat从句等等。★IfonlyItomyparents’advice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened★Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathetoyourplan.A.shouldn’tagreeB.wouldn’tagreeC.hadn’tagreedD.didn’tagree√√★Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished★It’shightimehehome.A.