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Unit5Canada——“TheTrueNorth”UsefulStructuresNounClauses(3)DivisionofClauses按从句的词性划分名词从句形容词从句副词从句按从句的句子功能划分(按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分)主语从句(Unit4)宾语从句(Unit3)表语从句(Unit3)同位语从句(Unit5)定语从句状语从句同位语从句(Unit5)名词从句：名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。NounClauses名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分，只起连接的作用；而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用，而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分；关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外，注意在使用上面的这些关系词区别，从句全用陈述语序！！！引导词注意1.从属连词：that（无有词义）,whether（是否）,if（是否）2.关系代词：who（谁，主格）,whom（谁，宾格）,whose（谁的，所有格）,what（什么）,which（哪个，哪些）3.关系副词：when（什么时候）where（什么地方）why（为什么）,how（怎样）在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引导同位语从句）引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,doubt，evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,possibility,promise,proposal,question，remark,reply,report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word等。AppositiveclauseAppositiveclause1.Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。2.Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．我不知道你在这里。3.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。4.I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。Readthrough《世纪金榜》onPP89-90同位语从句与定语从句的区别1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：Thenewsthatlhavepassedtheexamistrue．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）同位语从句与定语从句的区别名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。Practice解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)A.howB.afterC.whatD.when2.__________heledthestrikecosthimhislife.A.BecauseB.ThefactC.WhenD.That【答案】D【解析】本题考查主语从句的用法。题意是“他领导了罢工，从而送了性命。”从汉语猜度去考虑似乎要填入Because，但从句子的结构来看，costhimhislife是句子的谓语和宾语，前应是主语，而Because引出的从句是状语从句，排除A项。Thefact后跟同位语从句时，要用that引导，而When显然与题意不符，排除B、C。答案为D，That在此引出的是主语从句。3.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(2005辽宁，２９)A.thatB.whatC.asD.which【答案】B【解析】“whatisactuallygoingon…”为同位语从句，作idea的同位语，同时，what又在同位语从句中作主语。Consolidation1.Readthrough《世纪金榜》PP89-902.ReadTextbookPP94-95P371.Theideathattheywouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.2.TheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedaysisjustwrong.3.Thefactthatoceanshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.同位语从句引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，且不能省略。P711.thatweshouldtakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrossCanadasoundsveryexciting2.Theideathattheywouldclonethefirsthumanbeingsurprisedmanypeopleatthemeeting.3.Hebroketherulethatnooneisallowedtosmokeonthecampus.4.TheChinesebasketballfanswerewildwithjoywhentheyheardthenewsthatYaoMinghadcollectedfortypointsfortheHoustonRocketsinthegame.5.Maryleftamessagewithmeforyouthatshewon’tbeabletoseeyouoffthisafternoon.同位语从句6.Thereisnodoubtthatheistherightpersonforthisjob.7.IntheletterheexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeandvisitChinaagain.8.Thecaptaingavetheorderthatallthesoldiershadtoreachthevillagebeforedawn.9.Noteveryonepresentagreestohisthoughtthatitisimpossibletofinishtheworkbeforetheendofthismonth.P71同位语从句1.FinishEx.2onP70inWB2.Finish《世纪金榜》onP90&P93语法专练(IV)HOMEWORKP70P702.Hequicklysettleddowntoworkbecausehehasagiftforworkingwithotherpeople.3.Thecoastlineissolongthatitisimpossibleformetogoasfarasthatdistance.4.Canyoufigureoutthetotalnumberwithintenminutes?1.Ifoundthetourcrossingthecontinentextremelychallenging.5.Thelakeissurroundedbymountains,anditlookslikeapearlfromthesky.