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高考中的初中英语语法知识介词用法高考中的初中英语语法知识第二讲：冠词1.不定冠词a/an的基本用法：1）泛指某人或某物。如Thenanideaoccurredtome.2）代表一类人或物。Anelephantisheavierthanahorse.3）用于某些词组或成语中。Asamatteroffact,Idon’tlikethestory.2.a/an的位置a/an除了位于名词短语之首之外，还有几种特例：a)当名词短语中含有soastoohow这样的词时a/an的位置为so(astoohow)+adj+a(an)+名词如,soniceagirlb)such(what)+a(an)+adj+名词eg.suchanicegirlc)quite(rather)+a(an)+adj+名词＝aquite(rather)+adj+名词d)manya+n(可单)结构=alotof/many…eg.manyastudent=alotofstudents3.a(an)的惯用法---高考考点1)用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个如:aMrSmith--CanIspeaktoMrGreen?--Sorry.Thereisn’t______MrSmithhere2)季节,日期,三餐名词前有形容词可用a/an.alight/bigbreakfast,onaSundayofJune3)athird(序数词)表示“又一”4)amost+名词(单数可数)表示very,extremelyamostbeautifulgirl=averybeautifulgirl4.定冠词the的基本用法1）特指人或物如：DrJamesinventedanewgame.Thenewgamewasanimmediatesuccess.(指前面提到过的事物）Iwilltakeyoutotheairportinmycar.(双方都知道)2)用在单数名词前表示一类人或物Thedogisausefulanimal.3)和形容词连用表示一类人。TheRedCrossemblemmeansservicetothesickandthesuffering.4)用在文娱场所和乐器名称前。Noneofthemcanplaythepiano.5)用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。WewanttoseetheGreatwallwithourowneyes.6)用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、海湾等专有名词前。TheAtlanticOceanisonlyhalfasbigasthePacific7).用在序数词之前。Youcantaketheelevatortothefourthfloor.8)用在形容词最高级前ThisisthemostbeautifulcityI’veevervisited.9)用在天体名词前Thesunandthemoonarenotveryfarfromtheearthintheuniverse.10)用在表示“一家人”的专有名词前。TheGreensmovedintoourneighbourhoodlastSaturday.11)用在表示身体某部位的名词前。Johnhithimintheface.12)用在表示方位和方向的名词前。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.13)用在固定词组中inthemorning,allthesameonthecontrary5.零冠词的惯用法。1)在季节、月份、星期、节假日、学科、三餐、球、棋类名词前。2）在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职位的名词前。In1860,AbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSA.3）在国名、城市名、人名、语言等名词前。4）在专用名词（汉语拼音）开头的名词词组前。BeijingairportTian’anmenSquare5）在表示泛指或一般概念的物质名词/抽象名词或复数的名词前。Whoinventedmusic?Manmustlearntolivetogetherwithanimalsinharmony.6)表乘交通工具的短语中。bybus=onabus,bytrain=onthe/atrainonfoot7)单数可数名词前不用a/an的情况:•连系动词turn后的单数可数名词作表语时.Aftergraduationfromcollege,heturnedteacher.(=becameateacher)•As/though引导让步状语从句表语提到句首时Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.但Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot•man意为“人类”,word意为“消息/音讯”时如,WordcamethattheChineseWomenFootballTeamwonthesecondprizeinWorldCup.4.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别sitattablesitatthetablebeinchargeof…负责…beinthechargeof由…负责bydaybythedaytakeplacetaketheplaceofinpossessionofinthepossessionofinsightof能看见inthesightof据…的见解inplaceof代替Intheplaceof在…的地方beofage成年beofanage同龄takeadvice征求意见taketheadvice听从劝告Itisoutofquestion那是毫无疑问的＝beyondquestionItisoutofthequestion那是根本不可能的foramomentgotosea去当水手forthemoment(暂时）gotothesea去海边twoofusbyseathetwoofusbetheseaonearthontheearthanumberofthenumberofinhospitalinthehospital高考重现1.(2005北京）Itisoftensaidthat_____teachershave_____verysimplelife.A./,/B./,aC.the,/D.the,a2.(2005山东)Iknow_____JohnLennon,butnot_____famousone.A./aB.atheC./theD.thea3.(2005湖南）Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_____city.Ionlyrememberitwas_____Monday.A.ThetheB.atheC.aaD.theaBBD4.（2005辽宁）Thisbooktells_______lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft_____schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.A.The;theB.a;theC.the;/D.a;/5.(2005江西)Ifyougrowupin____largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_____abilitytogetonwellwith____others.A./antheB.athe/C.theantheD.athethe6.(2005浙江)MrTaylorhas______8-year-olddaughterwhois_____girlforpainting–shehaswontwonationprizes.A.aaB.antheC.anaD.theaCBC7.(2005全国)Ifyougotoby_____train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget____fastone.A.thetheB./aC.theaD.//8.(2005江苏)OnMay5,2005,at______WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen’sdoublewith______scoreof4:1.A.aaB./theC.a/D.theaBD改错题1.(2005全国卷二)Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhome…2.(2005天津)Thenextday,mymotherfounddrinkwhenshewasdoingthehousework.3.Hersister,whoisnurse,willmarryoneofthedoctorsinthehospital.4.Itwassuchwonderfuldinnerthatweenjoyeditverymuch.5.Itwasraininghard,soIhadtoborrowaumbrella.6.MyfriendMarycomesfromanEuropeancountry.7.MrSmithusedtobephysicsteachertillheturnedwriter.8.Onlyfewofthechildrencanreadsuchbooks.9.Forlongtimeneitherofusspoketoeachother.10.Look,agirlinblueismycousin.11.Look!acarhasstoppedthereAcarisnice.12.Themountainwascoveredwiththesnowalltheyearround.13.Youdon’tknowwhatwonderfultimewe’vehad.14.Peoplemadethefunofherbecausesheworesuchstrangeclothes.15.Soontheplanewasoutofthesight.