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STRUCTUREOFGROUPMEANINGINENGLISHLEARNING(英语学习中意群的构建)（一）意群的构建在单项选择题中制作：张利青意群指的是在英语交际中表达一个词组、一个句子或一个段落的完整的意义。意群对于学生在学习语言的过程中理解句子和段落大意以及文章中心思想都有很重要的作用。在意群构建学习中，如下几点是关键：a.构建意群的整体性(completion)各个意群是一个有机的整体，在意义上不能把它们分割开来。如：Jennyispleasantto_____.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.talkto答案D，强调了整体性，因为意群talktosb.与前面的Jenny有关。又如D------Whomwouldyourather_____withyou,MaryorJune?------________.A.go,NeitherB.havego,EitherC.havegone,EitherD.havetogo,Both答案B，强调了意群是havesb.dosth.,与前面的whom有构成整体的关系。Bb.重视意群的分裂性(separation)。即把一个意群的整体分裂开来。如：Johnplaysthepiano______,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas答案B，说明意群的整体是，JohnplaysthepianoaswellasDavid,只是中间插了一个状语notbetterthan(=ifhedoesn’tplayitbetterthanDavid.)把意群的整体分裂开来。B又如：Thefellowinrags,_____nobodyseemedtosayanything,triedtoexplainthathewasnotabeggar.A.towhomB.aboutwhomC.whoD.whom答案A，说明Thefellowinragstriedtoexplain…，是意群的整体,只是中间夹了一个非限制性定语从句。如果不注意意群的构建的话，就会很容易误选B答案。AC.关注意群的位移(displacement)这种现象经常出现在倒装句.感叹句和疑问句中，如：Notuntilallthefishintheriverdied____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthepeoplerealizeB.thepeoplerealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizedD.didn’tthevillagersrealizedA答案A。这是个否定词位移的倒装句，原本的意群是not…until…,即Peopledidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishintheriverdied.又如：Howhappythechildrenare____eachotheragain.A.seeB.toseeC.sawD.seen答案B，表明原本的意群是BThechildrenarehappytoseeeachother.只是在感叹句中把happy作为被强调部分调到前面去了。d.把握意群的省略(omission)。即把意群中的某个部分省去，意义还是完整的如：Ididn’tnoticedituntil_____.A.itistooB.beingtoolateC.toolateD.betoolate答案C，表明完整的意群是Cuntilitwastoolate.又如：Youcanhaveanothertwodays’leave,if/whennecessary.很明显if/whennecessary的完整意群是if/whenitisnecessary.e.留意标点符号(punctuationmarks)如逗号，分号；等:1.Johnwentuptotheboy,pattinghimontheshoulder,and___himaway.BA.takingB.tookC.totakeD.take2.LastSunday,ImetMarry,______wasmyfriend.3.LastSunday,ImetMarry;_____wasmyfriend.4.LastSunday,ImetMarry,and____wasmyfriend.A.whoB.sheC.herD.whomABBExercises1.Thoseplasticflowerslookso____thatmanypeoplethinktheyarereal..A.similarB.niceC.naturalD.beautiful2.---Tom,youaresolazy.Thisjoboughttohavebeenfinishedhoursago.---Sorry,Iknowit_____.A.ShouldhavedoneB.musthavebeenC.oughttobeD.shouldhavebeencD3.Whenthecountrycallsyouforhelp,you____.A.can’tgoB.shouldnotbutgoC.can’thelpbutgoD.can’tbutgo4.---Isthehouseattheendofthestreetstillforsale?---No,it___.A.wassoldB.hassoldC.hadsoldD.hasbeensoldDD5.Marytriedhardtofindajobbutshehadno___.A.troubleB.luckC.timeD.chance6.---Doyouenjoythesetwonovels?---Ishouldif____ofthemwerewrittenlively.A.eitherB.eachC.everyD.allAB7.They____100,000dollarsfortheoldhouse.Andnowthey‘veboughtanewone.8.Theoldhousesweretooexpensive.Ionly____him10,000foreach.A.spentB.soldC.tookD.paid9.He____thebus(train,plane)untilitdisappearedinthedistance.A.sawB.watchedC.noticedD.observedCDB