词汇学论文lexical-meaning-and-context

LexicalMeaningandContextAbstract:WiththeWiththedevelopmentoftechnology,moreandmorenewwordsareusedtoexpressanewconcept,butnoteveryappearanceofnewconceptsareaccompaniedbytheemergenceofanewword.Therefore,manyordinarywordsarealsousedtoexpressaparticularconcept.Becauseofthedifferentlocationandthedifferentmeaning,wordshavethecontextualmeaning.AsanEnglish-languagelearners,noronlyshouldweunderstandthebasicmeaningofthewords,butalsoweshouldlearnthecontextualmeaning.Idividedthispassageintofourparts,whichisdefinitionofcontext,contextualrestrictions,thefactorsofthecontextandtheinfluenceofcontext.Wecanunderstandthemethodofanalyzingthewordsincontextandtheimpactofvariouscontextualmeaningofwords.Then,weshouldtryourbesttounderstandthemeaningofEnglishwordsinthesentencebytheprovidedclue.Itcanhelpustoavoidembarrassmentofmisunderstanding.Keywords:Definition;Factors,Contextualrestrictions;Influence1.ThedefinitionofcontextContextisofgreatimportancefortheunderstandingofwordmeaning,especiallyfortheunderstandingofthemeaningsofpolysemicwords.Theimportantroleinthestudyofcontextinsemanticsisincreasingbroughttotheattentionofthepeople.Inlanguagecommunication,contextisalwayschanging,whichleadstochangesinthedynamicsemantics.Withoutthecontext,thewords’meaningwillbepale,indefiniteandpuzzling.What’smore,thecommunicationwillbefailed.Therefore,weshouldknowdenotativemeaningsofawordasmuchaspossibleandgenerallytherewillbenoriskofmisunderstandingthemeaning,whenitoccursinaparticularcontext.2.ThefactorsofcontextModernlinguistshavenotonlyplacedgreatemphasisoncontextbuthaveconsiderablybroadeneditsscope,andhavealsoprobeddeeplyintoitsinfluenceonwordmeanings.Therangeofthetermcontexthasbeenwidenedinseveraldirections.Itsalsonolongerrestrictedtowhatimmediatelyprecedesandfollows,butmanycoverthewholepassageandsometimesthewholebookinwhichawordoccurs,andinsomecaseseventheentiresocialorculturalsetting.Thefactorsofcontextcanbedividedintothreeparts.Thefirstfactorisnaturalenvironment.TherearedifferentgeographicallocationbetweenChineseandEnglish.Theyhavedifferentlifestylesanddifferentcharacteristicsofthewordmeaning.Englandisanislandcountry.Itsmaritimeindustrywasoncethetopoftheworld.Thus,manywordswereproducedfromnavigation.HanChineseliveandmultiplyintheAsiancontinent.Peoplecannotlivewithoutland,land.Landisvitalforpeople,so英语词汇学课程论文alotofChinesewordsoridiomsarerelatedtoland.Thesecondoneisculture.Differentcountryhasdifferentcultureanddifferentcustoms.Differentlanguageimpliesdifferentnationalcultureandthewordsalsocarryalotofnationalculturalaccumulation.Thisaccumulationplaysanimportantroleofwaysofthinkingandlanguagebehavior.Whenweuse“牛饮”todescribethebigdrinkers,Englishwouldsay:Drinklikeafish.Therefore,inordertounderstandthemeaningofthewordsinacontext,weshouldlearnthecultureorbackgroundofthewords.3.ThecontextualrestrictionsonwordmeaningLondonSchoolFirthfoundedcontextinthe1940s.Sincethecontextwasfounded,linguistsexpressedtheirdifferentopinionsfrequently.Differentresearchersselecteddifferentperspectivetousedifferentelementstomakedifferentdefinitionofcontext.Translatorsanalyzeandunderstandthepassagebythesourceoflanguageinformationtoconvertandexpresstheunderstandingmeaningofthepassage.Inthisprocess,whethercanthetranslatorsaccuratelyunderstandandexpresstheoriginalinformation?Notonlyshouldtheyrelyontheirlanguageskills,personalexperiencesandthetranslationskills,buttheyshouldfocusonthemostimportantthingthatisthesourcelanguagetextanalysisandunderstandingaccuracy.Theaccurateanalysisofdiscourseandunderstandingisinseparablefromcontext,becausetheusageofeverylanguagehasitsownthecontext.A.TwotypesofcontextsNowadays,thecontextwasdividedintotwotypes:LinguisticContextandExtra-linguisticcontext.[1]Theformerreferstotheprocessofcommunicationinthespecificenvironment.Itincludeswords,sentences,paragraphsandpassagesandsoon.Thelatteronereferstothesituationwhichislimitedbythelanguagecommunication,societyandthecommunicatorsthemselves,suchasthespecificoccasion,time,topicandthecharacterofcommunicators.InEnglish,polysemycanbeseenfrequently,includingbasicmeaning,expandingmeaning,andmetaphoricalmeaningandsoon.However,whenawordentersthesemanticsofthesystem,itsmeaningwouldbesingleandcertainbecauseoftherestrictionofsemanticsubjacency.Inotherwords,inthecontext,thewordonlyhasasinglemeaningwhichcanaccuratelyexpressthemeaningofthesentenceorthepassage.Therefore,inordertounderstandthemeaningofaword,wemustsetitintoaconcretecontext.Englishwordsmeaningsareflexibleandtheyalwaysberestrictedbythecontext.Differentcontextmakethewordhasdifferentmeanings.AmericanlinguistDwrightBolingersaid:Inordertounderstandthemeaningofaword,weshouldrelyontheentiresemanticrangeofthewordandthefunctionofthiswordandotherwordinthesameoccasion![2]Forexample,thepreposition“on”has10meaningstotallyintheAngloDictionary,butinthespecificcontext,ithasonlyameaninginasentence.①abookonthetable(在......上);②atownontheriver(在......旁);③smileonsomebody(向着......);④liveonone’ssalary(依靠.......);⑤onquestionsofcommonconcern(关于......);⑥beonthecommittee(是......的成员);⑦b