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Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldUsinglanguageandreadinginworkbook汉语方言分布图Thereisnosuchthingas“standardEnglish”.WhatpeopleusuallymeanbythisisgrammaticalEnglish.However,therearemanyvariantsofwhatisconsideredstandardorgrammaticalwaysofsayingthings.Thesevariantsarecalleddialects.AllcountrieshavedialectsandbecausetheUSAissolargeithasmanytoo.Leadinstandard标准,规格dialect方言southern南部的midwestern中西部的Spanish西班牙的Newwordsplayapart扮演一个角色eastern东部的northwestern西北方的recognize辨认出,认出1.WhyaretheresomanydialectsintheUS?Becausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.It’sbelievedtobetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradio.2.What’sthestandardEnglish?Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.3.CanyoutellaninterestingorfunnystorythatshowsgreatdifferencebetweendialectsinChinese/English?Example:keysorkissOnefriendofminewasgivinganEnglishlessontoaclassofadultswhohadrecentlycometoliveintheUnitedStates.Afterplacingquiteanumberofeverydayobjectsonatableheaskedvariousmembersoftheclasstogivehimtheruler,thebook,thepenandsoon.Theclasswentverysmoothly,andthestudentsseemedinterestedandseriousabouttheworkthattheywereengagedinuntilmyfriendturnedtoanItalianandsaid,“Givemethekeys.”Themanlookedsurprisedandsomewhatataloss(有点手足无措).Seeingthis,myfriendthoughtthatthestudenthadn’theardhimclearly,soherepeated,“Givemethekeys.”TheItalianshrugged(耸肩)hisshoulders.Then,hethrewhisarmsaroundtheteacher’sneckandkissedhimonbothcheeks.InChina,therearesomanylocaldialectsalthoughthegovernmentencouragethewholenationtospeakputonghua,whichregardedas“standard”Chinese.However,localpeoplealsospeaktheirowndialects.DiscussionWorkinpairs.DiscussanyChinesedialectsyouknowoforcanspeak.1.WhatisstandardEnglish?什么是标准英语?standard(n.)标准,规格(adj.)标准的meetstandard符合标准standardofliving生活水平onastandard根据某一标准LanguagepointsThemountainsarenothigh____worldstandard.A.byB.atC.toD.on2.Believeitornot,there’snosuchathingasstandardEnglish.信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准英语。believeitornot信不信由你Believeitornot,allthepeoplepresenthaveagreedtotheplan.3.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员讲极好的英语。这是一个主从复合句。主句是Thisis,从句是由because引导的表语从句:thosewereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.在表语从句中又含有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰表语从句的主语those。当一个句子的主语为this,that或it时，可以用because引导表语从句。如：Thatisbecausehedoesn’tlikecoffee.那是因为他不喜欢咖啡。Itmaybebecausetheexamwastoodifficult.那或许是因为考试太难了。4.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.然而,甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。theway后面接定语从句时,关系代词用that/inwhich或不用关系代词。Ididitinthewaythat/inwhichyoutaughtme.Idon’tlike___youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich5.AmericaEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.美国英语有很多方言,尤其是在中西部,南部,黑人和西班牙方言。especially尤其,表达事物不寻常或特别重要specially专门(指专为某一目的)Ourgardenisbeautiful,especiallyinautumn.Icameherespeciallytoseeyou.Africanadj.非洲的InthenewAfricancountriesthegovernmentsaretryingtoprovideeducationforadults.n.非洲人FishisastapleinthedietofmanyAfricans.Spanishadj.西班牙的aSpanishdancen.西班牙语DoyouspeakSpanish?6.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。playapartin的意思是：起重要作用；扮演角色。Hehasplayedanimportantpartinsavingthegirl.HewasinvitedtoplayapartinthisTVplay.拓展：playarolein与playapartin的意思相同，常可以互换。表示“扮演角色”还可以用act,acta/theroleof等。如：WhoisactingHamlet?SheisactingtheroleofJuliet.[即学即练]根据括号内的提示，用playapartin的适当形式完成句子。1.MyfriendJimislookingforwardto______________________（扮演角色的机会）thisseries.2.Agooddiet______________________________________（在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用）.playsalargepartinhelpingpeoplelivelongerachancetoplayapartin7.AlthoughmanyAmericamovealot,theystillrecognizeeachother’sdialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬家,但他们仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。recognize意为：认出，承认，认可，常构成短语recognize...as/tobe...，表示：把…看做；recognizesb.bysth.表示：从/根据某物认出某人。1.Ihadn’tseenherfor20years,butIrecognizedherassoonasshecameintotheroom.2.Thegovernmentrefusedtorecognizethenewschool.3.Heisrecognizedtobe/astheirnaturalleader.4.Irecognizedherbyherredhair.Activity1不同学生用家乡方言说出同一句话，体会不同地区的方言；Activity2学生说出他们知道或者听过的方言；Activity3学生讨论以下问题：WhydoesthegovernmentencourageustospeakPutonghua?GroupactivityTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryReadingtaskonP51Howitbegan1857:ThePhilologicalSocietyofLondoncallsforanewEnglishDictionaryMoreworkthantheythought1884:Fiveyearsintoaproposedten-yearprojectTheOxfordEnglishDictionary的历史Onestepatatime1884-1928:TheDictionaryispublishedinfasciclesKeepingitcurrent1933-1986:SupplementstotheOEDMakingitmodern1980s:TheSupplementsareintegratedwiththeOEDtoproduceitsSecondEditionIntotheelectronicage1992:ThefirstCD-ROMversionoftheOEDispublishedThefuturehasbegunThepresent:TheOEDisnowbeingfullyrevised,withnewmaterialpublishedinpartsonlineDoyouknowwhoisthewriterofTheOxfordEnglishDictionary?JamesMurray,SamuelJohnson,andNoahWebster.SamuelJohnson(1709-84)NoahWebsterJamesA.H.Murrayhardworking,intelligent,determined,etcNoteonJamesMurray’slifeCountryEducationJobScotlandNoformaleducation,taughthimselfwhileworkingWorkedinabankbeforebeginningtocompiletheOEDMakenotesaboutMurray’slifeaccordingtothepassage.NoteonJamesMurray’slifeMo