分词介绍

Unit7Grammar一、分词概说1.意义：分词是一种非限定动词，具有V./adj./adv.的特征。2.特点：分词可分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示动作完成和被动。分词作定语Unit7Grammar一、分词概说3.分词短语：分词与其宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。4.作用：分词和分词短语在句中可作定语、表语、状语和补语。分词作定语Unit7Grammare.g.Sheliketodrinkcoldboiledwater.ThisisabookwrittenbyLuxun.Thestoryisverymoving.Thedoorisbroken.Laughingandtalking,theywenttoschool.Weheardthegirlsingingintheteacher’sroom.分词作定语Unit7Grammar二、分词的形式（以go和write为例）种类及物动词（write）不及物动词的主动语态（go）主动语态被动语态现在分词一般式writingbeingwrittengoing完成式havingwrittenHavingbeenwrittenhavinggone过去分词writtengoneUnit7Grammar三、现在分词和过去分词作定语1.分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前。现在分词表示主动和未完成；过去分词表被动和完成。分词短语作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之后。e.g.acryingbaby=ababywhoiscryingabrokenwindow=awindowwhichisbroken分词作定语Unit7Grammare.g.adevelopingcountry=acountrythatisdevelopingadevelopedcountry=acountrythathasbeendeveloped.Notes:Englishisinterestingtome.=I’minterestedinEnglish.Thenewsisshocking.这消息令人震惊。Heisshockedatthenews.分词作定语Unit7Grammar三、现在分词和过去分词作定语e.g.thechangingworld正在变化着的世界theboilingwater沸腾的水thechangedworld已起了变化的世界theboiledwater开水thepeoplequestionedthegirlsdancingOurcollegelocated/situatedonahilltophasagoodview.(此句分词并非表被动)分词作定语Unit7Grammar三、现在分词和过去分词作定语2.分词作定语置于名词之后时，更强调分词的行为动作，而非动作的特征和属性。（主被动、时间性）e.g.ThisisabookwrittenbyLucy.Thatisagirlwritingaletter.Ihadmycarwashed.Iheardmynamecalled.分词作定语Unit7Grammar四、如何将定语从句简化为分词短语1.去掉主语的关系代词（who,which,that）2.动词改为分词：现在分词→表示“正在，主动”过去分词→表示“完成，被动”规律1：n.+who/which/that+v.→n.+v.inge.g.ThebookwhichbelongstoMaryislost.=ThebookbelongingtoMaryislost.There’remanypeoplewholiveinthatvillage.=There’remanypeoplelivinginthatvillage.Unit7Grammar四、如何将定语从句简化为分词短语规律2：n.+who/which/that+be+v.ing→n.+v.inge.g.ThegirlwhoiswritingaletterisMary.=ThegirlwritingaletterisMary.规律3：n.+who/which/that+be+v.ed→n.+v.ede.g.MaryboughtacamerawhichwasmadeinJapan.=MaryboughtacameramadeinJapan.Unit7Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语1.分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。2.若状语从句于主句的主语相同时：1）去连词→2）去主语→3）动词变分词即：连词+主语+V.…,主语+V.→V.ing…,主语+V.e.g.Ifyouturntotheright,you’llfindtheschool.→Turningtotheright,you’llfindtheschool.Unit7Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语e.g.Ashewasdrivenbyhunger,hestoleacake.→Beingdrivenbyhunger,hestoleacake.→Drivenbyhunger,hestoleacake.3.若状语从句与主句的主语不同时：1）去连词2）前面的主语留下3)动词→分词e.g.Asitwerefine,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.→Itbeingfine,Iwentfishingwith…Unit7Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语Notes:1.分词短语=连词+主语+V.e.g.Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.→WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.→BecauseIwastired,Istoppedto…KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.→AlthoughheknowswhereIlive,…Unit7Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语e.g.Seenfromthemountain,thiscitylooksverybeautifulatnight.→Whenitisseenfromthemountain,thiscity…Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.→AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.Unit7Grammar五、如何将状语从句简化为分词短语2.分词短语意义不清时，往往保留连词。但表示原因的连词because,as等一定要省略。另外，表时间的连词放在句尾时常保留。e.g.If(Iam)invited,I’llgototheparty.When(Iwasmailing)aletterinthepostoffice,ImetTom.Animalscandomanyamazingthingswhenproperlytrained.Asshedidn’tknowwhattodo,shebegantocry.→Notknowingwhattodo,shebegantocry.Unit7Grammar六、独立主格结构1.定义：在分词短语中，分词意义上的主语与主句的主语不同时，即称为独立结构。e.g.Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveapicnic.=Ifweatherpermits,we’llhaveapicnic.Therebeingnotaxi,wehadtowalklastnight.=Astherewasnotaxi,wehadto…Unit7Grammar六、独立主格结构2.其他形式：with结构sbj.+V.…(,)with+obj.+V.ing/V.ed/adj./prep.短语e.g.Hecameoutoftheofficewithhiseyesshinning.Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.Motherlookedatmewithtearsinhereyes.Mr.Smithmadehisexperimentwiththedoorlocked.Unit7Grammar七、惯用语Generally/frankly/strictlyspeakingSpeakingof…说起…Judgingfrom…由…判断/看来Seeingthat…既然…Providedthat…假如…Concerning…关于…Considering…以…而论/考虑到…