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TheDirectObjectandIndirectObjectUnit4GrammarObjectives1.明确宾语的概念；2.分清直接宾语与间接宾语；3.明确能作宾语的成分。Manyancientcivilisationssawthevalueofbringingbackplantsfromdistantlands.Justbeforehedied,hesentsomeTreeofHeavenseedstoEngland.Heandhisteamcollectedexampleswhenevertheywentontodryland.Alltheplantssurvivedthesix-monthjourney.HesenttheseedsbacktoFrancein1897butonlyoneseedgrew.WilsonandotherplantcollectorsintroducedmanynewplantstoWesterngardens.Wecalltheredwords——TheObjects.宾语是及物动词后的一个成分，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。Theobject(宾语)Areyougivingup_________(smoke)?Youprobablycan’tresistthe__________(tempt)ofacigarette.smokingtemptationWeshouldhelp________(poor).thepoor—Howmanybrothersdoyouhave?—Ihave_______.fourIwant_____________andfrighten____.tomakeafaceyouAreyounervous?Doyoumind_______(taste)aspider?tastingYouaresobusy!Iwonderhowyoucanmanage__________(phone)twoatthesametime.tophonetakingcareofIloveplantsandIlove_____________(takecareof)plants.Ithink_____itisthesmallestbabyintheworld.thatWhataseaofpeople!Ican’tfind______youare.whereHowunbelievable!Iwonder_______theylivetogetherinpeace.whyIwonder_____invitedyouhere.whonounnounphraseverbnumeraladjectiveclauseconjunctiongerundpronouninfinitivethe+adjectiveWhatcanbeusedasobject?Positionoftheobject1.OneobjectTheobjectismainlyputbehindtheverb.subject—predicate—objectistheusualorder,butsometimesithasafreeposition.Forexample:①Theobjectcanbeputinthebeginningofasentencetoemphasizeit.e.g.Whatdull,old-fashionedleathershoeshe’swearing!Talent,Mikehas;patience,hehasnot.②Theobjectispreposedforabettercombination.e.g.Hiscarelessnesshadledhimintogreaterror.Thaterrorhedeterminedtocorrect.Jackfriedtwosmallpiecesoffish.Onehefedtohiscat,theotherheatehimself.③Theobjecthastwodifferentpositionsbehindverbphrases.e.g.Hetriedoutthemachine./Hetriedthemachineout.I’llputontheradioinaminute./I’llputtheradiooninaminute.※Ifthenounphraseisalittlebitlong,thefirstpositionisoftenused.e.g.Shetriedonhalfadozenpairsofshoesbeforeshefoundasuitableone.※Iftheobjectisapronoun,thesecondordermustbeused.eg:Thebedistoostrong,andyoucan’tbreakitup.2.Twoobjects通常为“间接宾语+直接宾语”Hedoesn'townmeanything.SheaskedmewhetherIhadbeentherebefore.Iwarnedyouhewouldbelate.Givemeit./Giveittome.Theytolduswheretoshopcheaply.间接宾语后移,间接宾语用to或for引出:TheygiveittoJohn.Hesoldhisoldcartooneofhisneighbours.Ihaveboughtsomechocolateforyou.Givethedictionarytome,please.用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词分类总结：需借助to的:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,return,send,show,teach,tell,ask,leave,mail,throw,take,write等。需借助for的:build,buy,call,change,cook,choose,do,draw,envy,fetch,find,forgive,gain,get,make,order,play(演奏),sing,save,spare,win等。e.g.1Ourteacherexplainstousthedifficultpointsintheunit.2Wedisclosedtothemthesecretofourinvention.3Theyexpressedtotheirteachertheirconvictionthattheexperimentwastrue.4Theguideisdescribingthescenicspotstothetourists.e.g.Heplayedmeatrick.Heplayedatrickonme.Won’tyouplaysomefolksongsforus?Someverbshavetobeusedassetphraseswhenfollowedbytwoobjects.有时为了形成对照或是为了突出重点,“介词+间接宾语”也可移到主语的前面去：Tohisdaughterhesentachequeof$50buttohissonhesentonlyacheappen.如果“介词+间接宾语”比直接宾语短,也可以直接放在谓语动词后：Hegivetohisfriendsmuchofthetimeheshouldhavegiventohiswifeandchildren.一些句子中,“间接宾语+直接宾语”不能变为“直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”：Hegivethedoorahardkick.Inevergivethematterathought.Shegivehimawarmsmile.Thisheroicdeedcosthimhislife.Fillintheblanksusing“to”or“for”.1)Fiftydollarswasadvanced__himonhissalarybeforetheworkwasdone.2)Youshouldneverservebeef__aHindu.toto3)You’dbetterdoyourbestbutprepareyourself___theworst.4)I’llsendapostcard__youwhileIamawayonholiday.5)YoucomeuptotheCityHalltonightandI’llfixthings___you.forforto1.Canyouexplain___________?A.thisproblemtomeB.methisproblemC.tomeproblemD.meproblemMultiplechoice2.Hemadeanewdress_____hiswifeandgaveit______heronherbirthday.A.to;forB.for;toC.for;forD.to;to3.Mr.Smithapologized____thelady____whathersonhaddone.A.to;toB.to;forC.for;toD.for;for4.Readtheletterand____him.A.passitontoB.passonittoC.passitforD.passiton5.Thelittleboywantedtohaveabookathisbirthdaypresent,butthecruelstepmother_____himhisrequest.A.refusedB.answeredC.gaveD.promisedReview复习宾语：1.宾语的定义；2.可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、-ing形式、复合结构和从句。Individualactivity1.CouldIspeakto______isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?(2009全国)A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever2.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee___itgotanybetter.(2009北京)A.whenB.howC.whyD.ifQuizI:Multiplechoice3.Istillremember______totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.(2009陕西)A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken4.Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof_____hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.(2009上海)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how5.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet_______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010全国I)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where6.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave_______wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.(2010福建)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whetherQuizII:用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedon__________(send)wherehewasmostneeded.2.Theparentssuggested_______(sleep)inthehotelroombuttheirkid