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主动被动一般式DoingBeingdone(作状语时，一般不常用于肯定句)完成式havingdoneHavingbeendoneI关于分词时态与语态的变化常见的分类方法是，过去分词没有时态，语态，变化，而现在分词既有时态又有语态变化。现在分词一般式：表示泛指的时间，和与谓语动词同时进行或紧密相连的动作：(1)Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.Goingstraightdowntheroad,shefoundthedepartmentstore.Workinghardathislessons,shemadeasuccess.Arrivinghome,heshowedmeintoalargebrightroom.(2)Talkingandlaughing,theycameintothehouse.现在分词完成式表示发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作：Havinglivedinthecityfor3years,Iknowitverywellnow.其被动形式：Havingbeenhonoredwithamedal,Iamverypleased.1Beingdone(作状语时，一般不常用于肯定形式),这时常用过去分词done取代Beingwrittenverywell,thenovelsellswell.(rare)Writtenverywell,thenovelseelswell.(common)注意，这里只是说的作状语时的情况，作其他成分时还是可以用的：Thebuildingbeingconstructedisforus.Sheisafraidofbeingtakentothepublic.2但是Beingdone作状语时，常用否定形式,这时一般不用过去分词doneNotbeingincluded,Ihavetoattendanotherinterview.(common)现在分词和过去分词同作状语时的注意事项II关于两种分词作定语的注意事项1现在分词的完成式一般不能做后制定语：Thisisthequestionhavingbeendiscussedforthousandsofyears.(wrong)Thisquestion,havingbeendiscussedforthousandsofyears,hasnowbeensolved.(right)第二个句子看似定语，实际上是状语，可以将状语提前Havingbeendiscussedforthousandsofyears，thisquestionhasnowbeensolved.2being+非延续行动词被动语态一般不做后置定语Thepeakbeingreachedbytheyouthsisrelativelyhigher.(wrong)Thepeakreachedbytheyouthsisrelativelyhigher.(right)3Being+adj也一般不做后置定语Anyonebeingfitforthejobcansignyournamehere.(wrong)Anyonefitforthejobcansignyournamehere.(right)1Themusicwassoloudthatshehadtoshout________.AmakingherselfhearBtomakeherselfheardCmakingherselfhearDtomakeherselfheard2Thestudent________isdiligent.AhavingreferredtoBreferedtoChavingbeenreferredtoDreferringto3Thebuilding________farawaylookssplendid.AbeingBthatareCisD不填