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GrammarTheAttributiveClause●Therestrictive&non-restrictiveattributiveclauses●Theattributiveclause&theappositiveclause●Theattributiveclause&theemphasisstructure1.Heisafamousscientist.2.who’sthatgirlinred?3.I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.4.Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.Payspecialattentiontotheunderlinedparts.Isthereanythingincommonbetweenthem?Theattributiveclause(theadjectiveclause)therestrictiveattributiveclausethenon-restrictiveattributiveclausenoun/pronoun+theattributiveclausetheantecedent(person/thing)therelativepronouns/adverbs+clauseTheuseoftherelativepronounsForm1:therelativepronounsreferringtofunctionintheclausewhowhomthatwhichwhoseperson(s)subject/objectperson(s)objectperson(s)/thing(s)subject/objectthing(s)subject/objectperson(s)/thing(s)(ofwhom/which)attributiveTheuseoftherelativeadverbstherelativeadverbsreferringtofunctionintheclausewhen(=at/in/onwhich)where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)timeadverbialoftimeplaceadverbialofplacereasonadverbialofreasonPractice:completethesentenceswithsuitablerelatives.1.Iknowthereason__＿_hecamelate.2.Doyouknowthewoman,_____sonwenttocollegelastyear?3.Thehouse_____colorisredisjohn’s.4.Thisisthebestfilm___＿_I’veeverseen.5.That’sthetown_＿___heworkedin1987.6.Ihave2brothers,_＿___arebothsoldiers.7.Nextweek,___＿__you’llspendinyourhometown,iscoming.8.I’vetried2pairsofshoes,neitherof__＿_fitsmewell.whywhosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhichNotice:Paymoreattentiontotheagreementbetweentheverbandtheantecedentinpersonandnumberintheattributiveclause,andthencompletethesentences:1.Thosewho____togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:30p.m.(want)2.Hewho___________thegreatwallisnotatrueman.(notreach)3.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho____beentoBeijing.(have)4.Heisoneoftheboyswho____seenthefilm.(have)wantdoesn’treachhashave(1)Whenarelativepronounisusedasasubjectintheclause,theverbmustagreewiththeantecedentinpersonandnumber.(2)Whentheantecedentisthestructure“oneof+n.(pl.)”,theverbintheclausemustbeplural,agreeswiththepluralform.However,ifthereis“the”or“theonlyvery”before“one”,theverbintheclausemustbesingular,agreeswiththeword“one”.Conclusion1:Practice:Completethefollowingsentenceswithsuitablerelatives:1.Thetime___________IwenttoTokyoisin1982.2.I’llneverforgetthetime_____＿____Ispentatcollege.3.Theshop_____＿____Iboughtthebookinisbig.4.Theshop________＿＿___Iboughtthebookisbig.Conclusion2:whentheantecedentisanounfortimeorplace“when”or“where”isnotalwaysusedtointroducetheclause.Itdependsonthefunctionoftherelativewordintheclause.whenwhich/thatwhich/thatwhere/inwhichTheDifferenceBetween“that”and“which”.Completethefollowingsentenceswith“that”or“which”.1.Thisisthe2ndarticle____IhavewritteninEnglish.2.Itisthebestfilm_____hehaseverseen.3.Thisistheverybook_____Iwanttoread.4.All____theytoldmesurprisedme.5.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschools_____theyhadvisited.thatthatthatthatthat6.Whoisthecomrade______wasthere?7.Thereisabedintheroom_____isstillvacant.8.Ourvillageisnolongertheplace_______itusedtobe.9.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof_______hadn’tbeencleanedatleastayear.10.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.11.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,through_______hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse.thatthatthatwhichwhichwhichConclusion3:Whentheantecedentreferstothing(s),“that”isoftenusedinthefollowingcases:(1)Afterordinalnumberandsuperlatives(2)Afterthefollowingwords:all,only,little,few,much,very,none,last,just,any(thing),every(thing),some(thing),no(thing).(3)Aftertwoormoreantecedents,referringtobothperson(s)andthing(s).(4)Afterinterrogativepronouns“which”or“who”.(5)Whentherelativepronounisusedasapredictiveintheclause.(6)Whenthemainclausebeginswith“therebe”.Inthefollowingcases,“which”isalwaysused.①Afterprepositions②tointroduceanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.③Thewholemainsentenceisthe“antecedent”oftherelativeclause,andthereisalwaysacomma.1.Tellmethereason____youwerelateforclass.2.Whoisthegirl_____isspeakingthere?3.ThisisMr.Smith,_____hassomethinginterestingtotellyou.4.Thecomputer________CPUdoesn’tworkhastoberepaired.whythatwhowhoseFillintheblankswithsuitablerelativestocompletethefollowingsentences.5.Thiskindofcomputer,_____iswell-known,isoutofdate.6.Thisisjusttheplace___I’vebeenlongingtovisitforyears.7.Hismotherisanengineer,____makeshimveryproud.8.Theoldmanhas4sons,threeof____aredoctors.whichthatwhichwhom一、从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：Wearelookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题（同位语从句）Wordcamethathehadgoneabroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）TheDifferenceBetweentheAttributiveClauseandtheAppositiveClauseThedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生在房间里面。（定语从句，名词thedoctor作先行词）Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmakesusveryhappy.(定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。（定语从句，代词all作先行词）二、从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的