阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意型主旨大意型我们阅读一篇文章,首先是要了解其大意,明确其主旨。因此,主旨大意题是常考题。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题(mainidea,mainlyabout),目的(purpose)或标题(title)设题。1)主题型的题干形式•Themainideaofthepassageis…•Thepassageismainlyabout…•Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?•Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?2)写作目的型的题干形式•Thepassageismeantto…•Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…•Theauthorintendsto...•What'sthepurposeofthepassage?3)标题型的题干形式•Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…•Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?【设题形式】【如何做主旨大意题】1)主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题,标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。2)找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。3)记叙文通常没有主题句,需根据文章所述内容进行归纳,最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。4)无明显主题句时找高频信息词.“主题句定位法”主题句在段首主题句在段末首尾呼应主题句在短文中间(1)主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式,作者在首段常常亮出观点,表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句所以要认真阅读段落首句。【典题范析】1.LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.Themainideaofthepassageis_____.A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkillerB.SmokingisabadhabitC.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmokingD.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?A论证性细节2.Zinc(锌)isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth.Itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells.Scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.A.ANewDiscoveryB.ZincandHealthC.HowZincWorksD.AddZinctoYourFoodB论证性细节(2)主题句在段末有的主题句放到文章的末尾,先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,将主题引向高潮,起到总结作用,从而形成强有力的结论,这就要求考生耐心地读完全文。【典题范析】1.Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtofitusforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworksuitedtohisbrainsandability,andsecondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety,andthatisverybadtobeashamedofone'swork.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredvaluabletosociety.Thepassagetellsusabout___oftheeducation.A.themeansB.thesystemC.thevalueD.thetypeC层层推理论证2.Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?____A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.A层层推理论证(3)首尾呼应为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.【典题范析】(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination…Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?____A.Totellusaninterestingstory.B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.D(4)主题句在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.【典题范析】Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources,theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries....Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.提出问题或现象作进一步的解释,支撑或发展继续陈述细节或引申Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?______A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.D3)有的文章的中心思想隐含在文中(尤其是记叙文),让读者很难发现,这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论,捕捉与题目有关的信息,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。【典题范析】Atthirteen,Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks,Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass,Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit,allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid,“Mrs.Smith,yousee,thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses,“Youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates,youngman.”Itried,butIdidn'tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom,thestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson,Louis本文主要讲述作者有注意力紊乱,不想努力,在老师的激励下,克服困难的故事Braille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn'tgiveup.Instead,heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(点),whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.Wasn'tIthe“blind”inmyclass,beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students?Mythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstar