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1.Lifeintheoceansrangesfromthetiniestplanktonallthewayuptogiantslikesharksandwhales.(1)rangefrom…to…rangebetween…and…在……和……之间变化他们的年龄在12岁到25岁。Theiragesrangefrom12to25.售价在30元到50元之间。Pricesrangebetween30yuanand50yuan.(2)alltheway一直;始终杰克一路爬到了树顶.Jackclimbedallthewaytothetopofthetree.回来的路上,他们一直在谈论电影和演员.Allthewayback,theytalkedaboutfilmsandactors.拓展bythewayinawayinnowayintheway顺便一提在某种程度上绝不阻碍2.Whatisitthatmakestheoceansuchagreatplacetolive?(1)这是一个强调句型的疑问句,强调作为主语的疑问词what.句子可改为:Whatmakestheoceansuchagreatplacetolive?强调疑问词的强调句型结构:疑问词+is(was)+it+that+句子的其他部分是谁打破窗户的Whowasitthatbrokethewindow??他是什么时候高中毕业的?Whenwasitthathegraduatedfromhighschool?(2)agreatplacetolive不定式短语作后置定语修饰表示地点的名词时,如果这个不定式中的动词时不及物动词,后面必须跟一个介词。如:aroomtoliveinahometogoto注意:如果前面的名词是place时,介词可以省略aplacetolive;aplacetogo3.Waterisactuallyquitesimple,butthewaythewatermoleculeisformedgiveswateritsuniqueproperties.(1)thewaythewatermolecule在这个定语从句中theway的前面省略了that或inwhich我不太明白他是怎么解决这个问题的Idon’tunderstandtheway(that/inwhich)heworkedouttheproblem.(2)propertyn.特性性质(c)财产(u)很多植物有药物的性质medicinalManyplantshavemedicinalproperties.公共财产commonproperty这辆车是我的财产Thecarismyproperty.区别wealth(u)财富作为学生智慧是财富Asastudent,wisdomishiswealth.4.Thenutrientsinwhateverfallsintotheoceanwillquicklybecomeavailabletootherlivingcreatures.(1)whateverfallsintotheocean是一个宾语从句,作介词in的宾语a/whatever:anythingthat/everythingthat“无论……东西;任何……事物”,是不定代词,可引导一个名词性从句.你喜欢词什么就吃什么.Youcaneatwhateveryoulike.跟我说说令你烦恼的事吧.Talktomeaboutwhateveristroublingyou.b/whatever还有“不管什么”的意思,=nomatterwhat不管发生什么事情,我们今晚都在这儿碰头Whateverhappens,we’llmeetheretonight.(2)available:①=canbeusedorobtainedby(指物)可用的或可得到的”.available在句中可以作表语也可以作定语中国可供出口的商品种类繁多commodityChinesecommoditiesavailableforexportarevaried.对不起,这种外套没有你要的尺码I’msorry,thoseovercoatsarenotavailableinyoursize.这剩下那个房间可以用了.Thatwastheonlyavailableroom.②=freetobeseenortalkedto(不太常用)(指人)可会见的,可与之交谈的律师现在没空(不在)Thelawyerisnotavailablenow.5.Marineanimalsandplantstakeadvantageofthedensityofwater.takeadvantageofsth./sb.充分利用某人(某物)他们充分利用旅馆的设施Theytookfulladvantageofthehotel’sfacilities.他利用她的善良借了很多次钱Hetakesadvantageofherkindnessandborrowmoneytoooften.拓展havetheadvantageof有…的优点toone’sadvantage对某人有利atadisadvantage处于不利位置toone’sdisadvantage对某人不利6.Ifasubstancehasahigherdensity,say5,000kg/m3,itwillnotfloatonwater.say:supposeasanexampleorapossibility“设想;假定;比方说”我们假设你是对的Let’ssaythatyou’reright.假如你出了事故,谁来照顾你?Sayyouhaveanaccident,whowouldlookafteryou?我们可以随便那个作家为例,比方说狄更斯Letsthatanywriter,sayDickens…=suppose=suppose=forexample7.Watercanabsorbandgiveoffalotheatwithoutbigchangesinitstemperature,thuscreatingastableenvironment.(1)thus:adv.“因此;从而;于是”,后面跟现在分词短语,充当结果状语.汽车途中出了故障,从而导致了交通堵塞。Thecarbrokedownontheway,thuscausingthetrafficjam.一连下了好几天的雨，因此引发了洪水Ithasbeenrainingformanydays,thuscausingtheflood.区别:so也有“因此，所以”的意思，但thus是adv,而so是并列连词，连接并列成分或分句。他学习努力,因此得了高分Hestudiedhard--thus,hegothighmarks.=Hestudiedhard,sohegothighmarks.(2)absorbvt吸收，黑色布料吸光。Blackclothabsorbslight.这项工作用尽了他的经理。Thetaskabsorbedallhisenergies.(词组)beabsorbedin集中注意做某事我很专心的读书，所以没听到你的电话。IwasabsorbedinabookandIdidn’thearyourcall.(3)giveoff（aliquid,gas,smokeorsmell）散发，放出花发出了诱人的香味。Theflowersgiveoffadelicioussmell.giveaway泄露，分发giveup放弃，屈服giveout1.发出声、光、热、信号2.分发报纸、书本等3.筋疲力尽8.Thetwohydrogenatomsformapolarmolecule,thatis,onewithaslightlypositiveendandonewithaslightlynegativeend.thatis:在句中有两个意思和用法①thatis:whichmean,也可说成:thatistosay“即,就是”他是地方政府的行政官员administrator,也就是说是个公务员.Heisalocalgovernmentadministrator,thatistosayacivilservant.②thatis:tobespecific“确切地,具体地”她是个家庭主妇—是指她不教英语的时候Sheisahousewife–whensheisnotteachingEnglish,thatis..9.Becausewaterispolar,itcanbreakdown,ordissolve,bothsolidsandgases.ordissolve用来说明breakdown,属于插入语,可以去掉而不影响意思的表达:Becausewaterispolar,itcanbreakdownbothsolidsandgases.or可以表示一个词语对另一个词语的解释关系火器同义词语,意为“即,亦即”我在超市买了一公斤肉,亦即两磅肉Iboughtakilo,ortwopoundsofmeatatthesupermarket.他研究地质学,也就是地壳的科学.Hestudiesgeology,orthescienceoftheearth’scrust.10.Mostanimalsandplantsaresensitivetolargeorsuddenchangesintemperature,sotheoceanisasafeandcomfortablehabitat.(1)sensitive①易受伤害的;易损坏的牙神经易受损伤,可产生剧痛.Asensitivenerveinatoothcancausegreatpain.②受影响的;易受影响的,敏感的敏感的耳朵敏感的皮肤asensitiveearasensitiveskinbesensitiveto/about对……敏感“易生气的;感情容易冲动的;神经质的”她对特别容易感冒.Sheisverysensitivetothecold.他对自己个子矮小神经过敏,所以可别提这件事.Heisverysensitiveaboutbeingsmall,sodon’tmentionit.拓展sensible明智的，合理的，切合实际的我认为你在会上做了合理的建议Ithinkyoumadeasensiblesuggestionatthemeeting.。10.Thismixingoffreshandsaltwatercreatesauniqueenvironmentfilledwithlifeofallkinds–atransitionzonebetweenthelandandsea.unique“独一无二的;仅有的;唯一的”这是一件独一无二的艺术品Thisisauniqueworkofart.这是你取得成功的难得的机会.Itisauniqueopportunityforyoutosucceed..词组:uniquetosb./sth.仅与一个人或一个群体或一件事物有关当建造体育馆时,你应该考虑到盲人遇到的特殊困难Youshouldconcernthespecialdifficultiesuniquetoblindpeoplewhenbuildingagym..11.Estuariesalsocontributetotheeconomythroughtourismandfishing.contribute:v捐助,捐赠,贡献;撰稿,投稿人人都应该尽自己的能力作贡献.Everyoneshouldcontributewhatsheorhecanafford.词组contributesthto投稿她给文学刊物投了几首诗歌.Shehascontributedseveralpoemstoliterarymagazines.contributeto增加某事物,添加到某事物中;促进某事物她的著作极有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解.Herworkhascontributedgreatly