搜索
直接引语和间接引语直接引语：说话人在转述别人的话时，可以一字不漏的加以引用，被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。例如：1）Johnsaid,“IamgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.”2）Shesaid,“Wehavealotoftimetodothework.”间接引语：说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时，可以对原话有所改动。例如：1）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.2）Shesaidthattheyhadalotoftimetodothework.一）祈使句变为动词不定式.即:ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.例如：直接引语间接引语1）Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthewindow.”1）Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.2）Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don’tleavethedooropen.”2）Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.二）陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,例如：直接引语间接引语1）Shesaid,“Ourtrainwillarriveinfiveminutes.”1）Shesaidthattheirtrainwouldarriveinfiveminutes.2）Hesaid,“I’mverybusy.”2）Hesaidthathewasverybusy.三）特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例句：直接引语间接引语1）Georgesaid,“WhenwillyougetbackfromLondon,John?”1）GeorgeaskedJohnwhenhewouldgetbackfromLondon.2）Hesaid,“Whereareyougoing,XiaoLi?”2）HeaskedXiaoLiwherehewasgoing.四)一般疑问句变成if(whether是否)引导的宾语从句。例如：直接引语间接引语1）Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”1）HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.2）Theteachersaid,“Haveyouallunderstoodme?”2）Theteacheraskedtheclassiftheyhadallunderstoodher.一.时态问题1.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态。例如：直接引语间接引语1）Hesays,“Iamverybusytoday.”1）Hesaysthatheisverybusytoday.2）Hewillsay,“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”2）Hewillsaythathehaswateredtheflowers.2.如果主句谓语动词为过去时，则间接引语中的动词应由现在时变为过去时。即:(时态呼应)1）一般现在时变为一般过去时：2）现在进行时变为过去进行时：3）一般将来时变为过去将来时：4）现在完成时变为过去完成时：5）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时。1)“Ihavereceivedtheletter,”Tomsaidtome.1)Tomtoldmethathehadreceivedtheletter.2)Hesaid,”I’mleavingforBeijingthisafternoon.”2)HesaidthathewasleavingforBeijingthatafternoon.example:直接引语间接引语1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Eg:Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变Eg:1)Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Theytoldusthattheylovethatgame.2)Hesaid,“Iwasbornin1990.”Hesaidthathewasbornin1990.二.代词等的变化代词等一般也应作相应的变化,变化方法如下表：在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词表示时间的词表地点的词动词this/thesethat/thosenow/todaythen/thatdaythisweek(month)thatweek(month)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforethreedaysagothreedaysbeforenextweek(month)thenextdaythenextweek(month)tomorrowheretherecomego三.注意陈述式的使用例如:直接引语间接引语1.Iaskedhim,“howmanyweddingsdidyougoto?”1.Iaskedhimhowmanyweddingshewentto.2.Theyallaskedme,“whoisshe?”2.Theyallaskedmewhoshewas.1.Whatisthatthing?---Idon’tknowwhat________.A.isthatthingB.wasthatthingC.itisD.isit2.Whatdoesshewant?----Idon’tknowwhat________.A.doesshewantB.didshewantC.shewantedD.shewants3.Wheredidtheydoit?---Iamnotsurewhere_______.A.theydiditB.didtheydoitC.theydoitD.dotheydoit4.Whyishecarryingit?----Iamnotsurewhy_______.A.ishecarryingitB.heiscarryingitC.itiscarryinghimD.hewascarryingitCDAB选择题5.Whendothoseshopsopen?-------Idon’tknowwhen_____.A.thoseshopsopenB.arethoseshopsopenC.dothoseshopsopenD.thoseareshopsopeningA把下列句子改成间接引语：1.“Iwanttobeabusinessman,”Anniesaid.Anniesaidthat________________________beabusinessman.2.“Listentomeanddon’tmakesomuchnoise,children!”saidourteacher.Ourteacheraskedthechildren___________________________and_______________makesomuchnoise.shewantedtotolistentohimnotto3.Theteachersaidtous,“Openyourbooks.”Theteacheraskedustoopenourbooks.4.Theoldladysaidtotheboy,“Couldyoupleasecarrythebagforme?”Theoldladyaskedtheboyifhecouldcarrythebagforher.5.ShesaystoTim,“Iwillcometoseeyousoon.”ShesaystoTim(that)shewillcometoseehimsoon.6.MissSuasked,“Whyareyoulateforschool.”MissSuaskedwhyIwaslateforschool.Relatedexercises:1.Heasked____fortheviolin.A.DidIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_____.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis3.Canyoutellme____?A.howgoodishisspokenEnglishB.howwellhisspokenEnglishisC.howwellhespeaksEnglishD.howgoodhecanspeakEnglish4.Hesaidthathehadboughtthejacket____.A.beforethreedaysB.threedaysbeforeC.threedaysagoD.lastweek5.Didyousay_____?A.thatwhathesaidwastrueB.thatitwastruethathesaidC.whatdidhesaywastrueD.whathesaiditwastrue6.Pleasetellme____from.A.wheredoyoucomeB.whereyoucomeC.whereyouwillcomeD.thereyoucome7.Askher____comewithus.A.ifshewillB.ifornotshewillC.thatifshewillD.whetherwillshe8.Thedriversaidthathe____pick____apassengeratweststreet.A.will,upB.would,upC.will,outD.would,out9.Hesaidhe___in1993.A.hasbornB.hadbeenbornC.hadbornD.wasborn10.John___mehewasgoingtohelpmewithmyEnglish.A.explainedB.spokeC.toldD.said