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Unit1MakingadifferenceWarming-up&Listening&SpeakingAlbertEinsteinAlfredNorthWhiteheadMarieCurieThomasAlvaEdisonGalileoGalilei☆Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.☆Nothinginlifeistobefeared.Itisonlytobeunderstood.☆Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.☆Ittakesaveryunusualmindtoundertakeanalysisoftheobvious.☆Youcannotteachamananything;youcanonlyhelphimfinditwithinhimself.AlfredNorthWhitehead(b.1861-d.1947),Britishmathematician(数学家),logician(逻辑学家)andphilosopher(哲学家)bestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogic(数理逻辑)andthephilosophyofscience.Hecontributedsignificantlytotwentieth-centurylogicandmetaphysics(宇宙哲学).AlfredNorthWhiteheadIfwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Attwentyyearsofage,thewillreigns;atthirty,thewit;andatforty,hejudgment.Knowledgeispower.Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.Geniusonlymeanshardworkingallone'slife.Sciencerequirestheeffortofalifetimeandevenifyouhadtwolivestogive,itwouldstillnotbeenough.ThomasEdison,AmericaninventorCharlesChaplin,AmericanactorMendeleyerRussianChemist(俄国化学家门捷列耶夫)P.B.ShelleyBritishpoetFrancisBaconBritishphilosopherIvanPavlovBenjaminFranklinAmericanpresidentListeningP2GreatmindNo1:1.Thisgreatmindwasonfirefor___________.2.Thescientist’snameissimilartotheEnglishwordcurious,meaning_______________________.GreatmindNo2:1.Thisgreatmindwasonfirefor________.2.Thescientist’snameissimilartotheEnglishwordfor______________.GreatmindNo3:1.Thismanisknownfor___________________________..2.Hewantstobecalledthe______.Why?radioactivitybeinginterestedinsomethinggravitysomethingnotoldlookingforwaystogrowmorericefarmerThiswomanisoneofthe________________ofalltimes._____hernametellsyouthatshelikesscience.Agoodscientistshouldwanttofindoutanswersandaskmanyquestions.____________,theyshouldbe______.Thiswomanwas_______curious.Togetherwithherhusband,shetrytolearnthe______ofradioactivity.Thecouplewere_______theNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903.Eightyearslater,shereceivedthesecondNobelPrize.Thistimefor________.MadameCuriegreatestscientistsEevnInotherwordscuriouscertainlysecretawardedChemistry__________thatthisEnglishgentlemanwassittinginthisgardenoneday_____suddenlyhewashitbyafallingapple.Thestoryis_______nottrue.Butthismandid_______thathegotoneofhis_________ideaswhilewatchingapplesfallfromatree.Hisnamemakesyouthinkthathewasnotinterestedinoldthings.Hediscovered___________gravity,andhe________asystemofhowobjectsmove.Hislawfor______arestillusedinphysicstoday,______inschoolsanduniversities.Itissaidwhenprobablymentionbest-knowntheforceofdrewupmotionatleastSirIsaacNewtonYuanLongpingFoodiswhat____thisgreatmind______.Rice,___________.Thisgreatmindhasspentmostofhislifelookingforwaystohelpfarmersgrowmorericesothatallofuswillhaveenoughfoodtoeat.Heisknownasthefatherofmodernrice,butbecauseofhislong________withallthefarmersinChina,he___________beknownas“thefarmer”.setsonfiretobeexactfriendshipwouldratherListeningP81Part1.1.Aspidercanmake________thatismuch________thanmostman-madematerials.2.Aspider’s________doesn’t________easily.3.Bestofall,thespiderproducesthe_________withouttheuseof________or________chemicals.4.Ifwecouldlearntousethetechnique,wemightbeabletousethestrongsilktomakethingslike________________andwiresthatholdupbridges.silkstrongersilkbreaksilkdangerouspoisonousseatbeltsScientistsoftenlookatnatureinordertofindnewideas.Inancienttimes,Chinesescientistsstudiedhowspidersmakesilk.Modernscientistsareinterestedinthespider,too.Aspidercanmakesilkthatismuchstrongerthanmostman-madematerials.Aspider’ssilkdoesn’tbreakeasily.Insteadofbreaking,itgetslonger.Bestofallthespiderproducesthesilkwithouttheuseofdangerousorpoisonouschemicals.Ifwecouldlearntousethetechnique,wemightbeabletousethestrongsilktomakethingslikeseatbeltandwiresthatholdupbridge.Part1Part2.AnimalorplantWhatitcandoHowwecoulduseitSpiderWhitelotusButterflyItcanMakestrongsilkwithoutusingdangerousorpoisonouschemicalsUseitmakebetterseatbeltsandstrongerwirestoholdupbridgesItkeepsitsleavescleanusingtinyhairsandneedlesUsethesametechnologytomakepaintthewouldstaycleanItusesitmakebetterseatbeltsandstrongerwirestoholdupbridgesUsethesamemethodtokeepcomputerscoolsTherearemanyotherexamplesofhownewtechnologyhasbeendevelopedbylearningfromnature.AgroupofGermanscientistswantedtofindoutwhyleavesandflowersareabletostaysoclean.Theydecidedtotakeacloserlookatthewhitelotus,aflowerthatisknownforitscleanleaves.Atfirst,thescientistsbelievedthataveryflatleavewouldbebetteratstayingclean.However,whentheylookedcloselyatthewhitelotus,thescientistssawthattheleafwasinfactcoveredwithtinyhairsandneedles.Theneedlesandhairscollectthedustthatfallsontheleafsothataraindropcaneasilywashitoff.TheGermanscientistsusedthistechniquetodesignanewkindofpaint.Thenewpaintcouldkeephouseslookingcleanforyears.whitelotusScientistalsobelievethatthebutterflycouldteachusawaytokeepourcomputerscool.Acomputermustbekeptcooltofunctionwell.Thefansweusetodayarenotalwaysgoodenough.Thebutterflyiscold-bloodedandmustchangeitsbodytemperatureallthetime.Scientistshavef