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Unit9Reading1.shareideas交换意见comparenotes2.Since用法1)sincethen/sincewhenIhavenotbeenmuchinthatcountrysincethen.Sincewhenhaveyoubeenlivinginthiscountry?2)eversinceJohnfelloffhishouseaweekagoandhasbeeninbed(eversince)2)Itis+一段时间+since+didIt’salongtimesinceImetyoulast.It’sjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.3)表过去某事前一段时间情况，时态有以下几种类型：a)主句从句谓语都用完成时态：TwoweekshadpassedsinceMaryhadseenhim.：b)主句谓语用一般过去时，从句谓语过去完成时：ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.c)主句谓语用完成时,从句用一般过去时Sinceshecametome,wehadbeenveryhappy.4)在。。。之后，后来Hewassicklastweekbuthassincerecovered.Herhusbanddiedtenyearsage,butshe’ssincemarried.3.1)or即；也就是；=thatis(tosay),namelyThecompanyispayingtherentoratleastcontributingtoit.Onlyonepeoplecandothejob,namelyyou.2)or(else)否则Hehadtohaveajoborgohungry.Hurryuporelseyou’llbelate.3)orrather更确切的说Hearrivedlatelastnightorratherintheearlyhoursthismorning.4)orso=moreorless大约；左右（放在量词后）about/around/some(放在量词前)Iwantahundredorso.Mr.Smithwillbebackinaweekorso.5)orsomething(somewhere)He’sanengineerorsomething.Iputitinthecupboardorsomewhere.4.withoutdoingTheylefttheschoolinahurry，withoutsayinggoodbyetoanyone.Helockedthedoorwithoutmakingasound.*dowithout/gowithoutPeoplecannotdowithoutfood.Idon’thaveenoughmoneytobuyacar,soI’lljusthavetodowithoutone.I’mafraidthere’snocoffee,sowe’lljusthavetogowithout(it).IfIcan’tfindit,Ishallhavetodowithoutit.5.accessto进入；接近Thedead-onlystreetwastheonlyaccesstoherhome.Accesstothemountain-townisoftendifficultbecauseofthebadroads.6.alone—adv.只有；仅仅Healoneisnotresponsibleforit.Moneyalonecannotmakeyouhappy.*（all）alone单独一人（放在动词后）Ihadtoworkallalone.Shelikestogoitaloneineverything。7.be+todosth.安排；命令；职责；义务;目的;用途;可能性；命中注定：Theprizeistohonorhimforhisgreatdiscovery.Aknifeistocutwith.Theywerenevertomeetagain.8.dowhateveronecan=dowhatonecan=doallthatonecan9.Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescannotprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.倒装：nor;neither,not,hardly,seldom,neverNeverhaveImethimbefore.Seldomhaveweseensuchbigmelons.Hardlyhadsheenteredthehousewhensheheardthedogbarking.10.Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkoutthemathsproblem.OnlywhenTomreturnsthisafternoonwillthemeetingbegin.11.倒装：1)Jackdidn’tunderstandwhyhismotherwasangrywithhimuntilshetoldhimeverything.(陈述句)2)NotuntilhismothertoldhimeverythingdidJackunderstandwhyshewasangrywithhim.（倒装句）3)ItwasnotuntilhismothertoldhimeverythingthatJackunderstoodwhyshewasangrywithhim.（强调句）12.Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.as=soHeisapatriot,asarehisbrothers.Hebelieved,asdidhisfamily,thatyouweretellingthetruth.13.inharmonywith(与。。。)和睦相处反义：outofharmonywithThegoal,hesays,istoliveinharmonywiththeworldaroundus.Hesoonfoundhimselfinharmonywithhisnewco-worker.14.putanendto结束；制止Wemustputanendtothisfoolishbehavior.Thechieftaskofthemomentistoputanendtotheterriblepollutionintherivers.15.Thereisachance(that)…1）chance可能性[c;u]Thereisachancethat…ThereisagoodchancethatI’llfinishtheworktomorrow.Thereisachancethatthesickchildwillgetwell.Thereisjustachancethathe’llhelpyou.同义词：possibility可能性（多作不可数名词，有时可加a）用法：a)Thereisapossibilityofdoing…ThereisapossibilityofhiscomingforChristmas.Idon’tthinkthereisanypossibilityofyourgettingawaybeforemiddaytomorrow.b)Thereisapossibilitythat…Thereisapossibilitythatthetrainmaybelate.There’salwaysthepossibilitythathewon’tcome.2)chance机会[c;u]同义opportunitychance/opportunitytodoofdoingIhadthechance/opportunityofvisitingParis.Ihadnochance/opportunitytoseehim.IwishI’dhadyourchances/opportunities!Idon’tgetmanychancestotalktohimthesedays.Thetrainwassofullthatwehadlittlechancetocomparenotes.Therewasnochanceofhisgettingscholarships.10.alternative—adj.两者（或以上）择一的，供选择的Thereisnoalternativebuttofight.Ihadnoalternativebuttowalkout.改错：1.Thereisnoalternativebutwait.(towait)2.Theonlyalternativeiscoffeeandtea.(and--or)3.Youhavethealternativeofgoingandstaying.(and–or)4.Youhavethealternativeofcoffee,tea,andmilk.(and–or有of用or)5.Thealternativesarecoffee,teaormilk.（or—and,没of用and）