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LanguagepointsUnit16theunitstateParaOne•EversincetheCivilWar,theSouthhasstruggledtofindwaystodealwithitstroubledpast.eversince:从那时起一直到现在。自美国内战以来，美国南部就一直在设法处理过去遗留下来的麻烦事。since的用法1)since+名词/介词短语2)Itis+时间段+since…翻译划线部分1)Hehadbeenthere____________________(自战前）2)Ithasbeen5years_____________________(自他毕业以来）3)ShehadlovedShakespeare_________________.(自孩童时期）。sincechildhoodsincebeforethewareversinceIgraduateddealwith处理，对付，常和how连用；跟…做买卖；论述；涉及dowith对付，常与what连用；（与can连用）想要，需要；（与can’t连用）受不了；（与haveto连用）有关系。1)______didyoudowiththecamerayoufound?A.WhatB.HowC.WhenD.Why2)_____hasthatgotto_____whatIhavebeensaying?A.What;dowithB.How;dealwithC.What;dealwithD.How;dowith•troubled:worried,fullofproblemsandconflicts不安的，混乱的1）打破杯子，小汤姆深感忧虑。LittleTomwasdeeplyworriedwhenhebrokethecup.2）那个国家的人民在动乱不安的年代里。（times)Thepeopleinthatcountryliveintroubledtimes.•ThehistoryoftheSouthisoneofthesuffering;thesufferingofthenativeAmericanswhowerekilledordrivenofftheirlandbyEuropeansettlers;thepainsofslavesbroughtfromAfricabygreedyslavetraders;thedeathandpovertyofthewaryears;thehardshipsofunemploymentandcivilunrestinthepost—waryearsandtheDepression;themanysacrificesoftheCivilRightmovement.本句的主句？ThehistoryoftheSouthisoneofsuffering;•one:在本句中替代ahistory,避免与前面的history重复•one,ones,it,those与that的用法区别•one用来代替上文出现过的单数名词，即可指人，又可指物。它具有泛指性质。•ones用来代替上文出现的复数名词，指人或物。•it用来指前面出现过的名词。•those用来替代上文提到过的可数名词复数，常带有后置修饰语•that用来替代上问提到过的可数名词或不可数名词。其前没有任何修饰语，却常带后置修饰语1)–Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?--Didn’twejusthave______A.itB.thatC.oneD.this2)–Doyouhaveacamera?--No,butmyfatherhas____.Hejustbought______twodaysago.A.one;oneB.it;itC.one;itD.it;one3)TheclimateofGuangzhouismuchbetterthan_____ofXi’an.A.thatB.oneC.theoneD.it4)Hereareafewapples.Wouldyoulike___?A.onesB.someC.othersD.those5)–Thesecretarywrote____notetothecompanymanager.--Iguesssheforgotwriting_____.A.theother;oneB.one;theotherC.onemore;oneD.anotherone;theone6)Theearsofarabbitarelongerthan_____ofacat.A.thoseB.onesC.thatD.some•depressionTheDepression经济大萧条depressvt.降低，压低；使沮丧；使不景气；使减价depressedadj.降低的；沮丧的；萧条的depressingadj.压抑的；使人沮丧的depressiveadj.令人沮丧的•drive…off迫使…离开；击退（敌人与攻势）；用车把…接走sacrificesacri神圣+fice做,为神圣而做sacrificen.祭品，祭献，牺牲vt.用…作祭品，牺牲；削价出售sacrificialadj.牺牲的，献祭的sacredadj.宗教的，上帝的，神圣的，不可侵犯的Eventoday,theSouthisfarbehindtherestoftheUnitedStatesinareassuchaseducationandeconomicdevelopment.其余的，后可接可数或不可数名词她的帽子也是红色的，像她其余的衣服一样。Herhatwasalsored,liketherestofherclothes请根据下面的句子，分别解释area的不同含义。1）Theareaofthehouseis35squaremetres.2)Doyouliketheareawhereyoulive?3)Heisalwaysaddictedtotheareaoftraininganddevelopment.面积地区，区域领域，方面•LikemanyofitssistercitiesintheSouth,AtlantawasburntdownintheCivilWar.烧毁，烧为平地；（蜡烛等）渐渐烧完，火力减弱burnaway烧掉，烧毁；（逐渐）消失burninto烧进；给…留下不可磨灭的印象burnout烧坏，烧尽；burnup(炉火）烧起来；旺起来；烧掉Wefeltcold,soIputsomewoodonthefiretomakeit_______.Thefireis__________;getsomemorecoal,please.•Despitethehardshipsofthepost—waryearsandtheGreatDepression,thepeopleofAtlantacontinuedtodevelopthearea,botheconomicallyandsocially.despite+n./doing/clause=inspiteof尽管，不顾不管别人怎么说，我仍认为他这个人很好。Despitewhatotherssay,Ithinkheisaniceperson.她尽管很想见他，但却不愿给他回信。Despitewantingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletters.ThejusticesinthecityandintheSouthledDrKingtoorganizenon—violentdemonstrationsaimedatendingsegregation过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句whichwereaimedatendingsegregation.aimat“瞄准”“目的在于”“企图”，at后面可跟名词或动名词。leadsb.todosth.驱使某人作某事leadtosth./doingsth.demonstrationn.demonstratev.示威Thecitysawaseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhitesinthe1960sandDrkingwasshottodeathin1968.witnessv.目击一系列，一连串。修饰复数名词，但通常整个短语用作单数，其中series这个名词单复数同形fierceadj.凶狠的；愤怒的；强烈的；极度的fiercelyadv.fiercenessn.凶猛，凶狠to表示程度或结果。eg.worktodeath,betiredtodeathHisfuneralwasshownontelevisionandmillionsofAmericanswatchesaspeoplemarchedthroughAtlantainhonourofDrKing.inhonourofsb./sth.:出自对某人或某物的敬意inhonourofDrKing=inDrKing’shonour为纪念阵亡的将士，举行了一次仪式。Aceremonywasheldinhonourofthosekilledinbattle.DrKing’seffortswerenotinvain,however.withnoresult;useless，徒劳，无结果的我们的工作全都白干了。Allourworkwasinvain.他怎么也睡不着。Hetriedinvaintosleep.In1996,thecitywasthehostoftheOlympicGames,anhonourthecityshareswithgreatcitieslikeSydneyandBeijing.anhonour和thehostoftheOlympicGames是同位语。LikemanyotherSoutherncities,AtlantaisarepresentativeofthenewSouth,aplacewherehopeandfaithhavereplacedfearanddoubt.aplace是Atlanta的同位成分，对Atlanta进行补充说明。在结构上同位成分不影响句子的主干。即如果同位成分被去掉，句子结构不受影响，同位成分往往是代词或名词，且其后跟其他修饰成分。faith信念，信心（不可数）（宗教）信仰（可数）ingoodfaith真诚地，真心真意地keepfaithwith(对…)守信breakfaithwith（对…)不守信对付，处理dealwith/dowith我们不知道怎么处理这些材料。Wedon’tknowhowtodealwiththematerials.Wedon’tknowwhattodowiththematerials.我们该怎么对付那个小偷呢?Whatcanwedotodealwiththethief?这个人容易相处.Themaniseasytodealwith.sufferingn.不可数,肉体或内心的痛苦sufferings苦难的事情,强调具体事情.这个世界上多灾多难.Thereissomuchsufferinginthisworld.他告诉我他过去所承受的痛苦.Hetoldmeallabouthissufferingsinthepast.sufferv.with/from•他的脚疼的很.•Hesuffersterriblywithhisfeet.•中国和印度正在遭受人口过剩之苦.•IndiaandChinaaresufferinggreatlyfromover-population.•___suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.•A.HavingsufferedB.Suffering•C.TosufferD.Suffered•(A)土著美洲人被欧洲殖民者从一个地方赶到另一个地方ThenativeAmericanswered