长难句分析1anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.要点:句子的框架是anditisimagined…that…,andthat…。这是典型的句型it+is+p.p.(过去分词)+thatclause。it是形式主语,句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句,由连词and连接。operation此处不能译成“操作”,根据上下文应译成“活动”,这里的processes要译成“思维过程”,而不能简单地理解成“过程”。译文:许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。2whetherthegovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa(反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.要点:句子的框架是whether…or…oftendependson…。whether…or引导了主语从句作句子的主语,financing这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”;介词结构ofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce是宾语theissue的后置定语,of介词结构中又包含了which引导的介词宾语从句。译文:政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反,这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量3howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.要点:句子的框架是how…dependson…andon…。句子的主语由how引导的主语从句担任;谓语动词词组dependson后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语,在第二个宾语中,介词with+which引导的定语从句修饰先行词theskillandwisdom。译文:这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性,以及解释这些信息的技能和才智4thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.要点:句子的框架是thereisnoagreementwhether…or…。主句是thereisnoagreement,agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语;在同位语从句中,谓语动词短语refersto跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语:a.theconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneral;b.theresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry。在第一个宾语中,形容词词组peculiartohistoricalwork和介词词组ingeneral作后置定语修饰theconcepts;在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate…to…ofhistoricalinquiry作后置定语修饰theresearchtechniques。译文:所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。5furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.要点:句子的框架是furthermore,itisobviousthat…,andthat…。这是典型的句型it+is+obvious+thatclause。it是形式主语,真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句:a.thatthestrengthis…boundwith…;b.andthatthis…restsupontheefforts…。第一个主语从句中的词组beboundupwith是“与…有关联”之意;在第二个主语从句中,代词this指代前文的theefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,译为“效率的提高”。译文:再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力.6whatcouldbeakeytojetlagandwinterbluesisthehormonemelatonin,whichisknowntoregulatebodyrhythms.要点:句子的框架是what…isthehormonemelatoninwhichis…。what引导了一个主语从句,而谓语部分中由which引导了非限制性定语从句hormonemelatonin。句中jet-lag是“时差综合症”,blues不能译成“蓝色”,而是“忧郁”之意。译文:能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素,人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。7therearenow31millionkidsinthe12-to-19agegroup,anddemographerspredictthattherewillbe35millionteensby2010,apopulationbiggerthaneventhebabyboomatitspeak.要点:句子的框架是thereare…kids…,anddemographerspredictthat…。这是一个并列复合句,在第二个并列分句中,谓语动词predict后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句;在that宾语从句中,apopulationbiggerthaneventhebabyboomatitspeak是35millionteens的同位语。译文:12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有3100万,人口学家预测,到2010年他们将达到3500万,比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多.8itseemedalmostunbelievablebutwhatappearedtobehappeningwasthatthefaultwasactuallybeinglubricatedbytheinjectionofthefluid.要点:句子的框架是itseemed…butwhat…wasthat…。句子由but连接的两个并列分句构成:a.Itseemedalmostunbelievable;b.whatappearedtobehappeningwasthat…在第二个分句中,what引导了主语从句担任主语,that引导了表语从句。这里injection不能译成“注射”,根据上下文要译成“注入”。译文:地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑,这几乎是难以令人相信的,但是这确实正在发生。9itisscarcelysurprising,then,thateducationsystemshaveforseveraldecadespastbeenseverelycriticized,partlyonthegroundthateducationpreparespeopletoliveinanalreadyoutdatedsociety.要点:句子的框架是itis…surprising…thateducationsystemhave…been…criticized,…onthegroundthat…。it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,而主语从句又包含了that引导的同位语从句thateducationpreparespeopletoliveinanalreadyoutdatedsociety作介词词组ontheground中ground的同位语,ground这里的意思是“根据”。译文:那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评,就不那么令人感到惊讶了,批评者的部分根据是,这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。10therearestronggroundsforthinkingthatthehealthofbothindividualsandsocietiesderivesfromwhatwe’reabletoputintolife,ratherthanwhatwetrytogetoutofit.要点:句子的框架是thereare…groundsforthinkingthatthehealth…derivesfromwhat…,ratherthanwhat…。介词结构forthinking…中包含了that引导的宾语从句作分词thinking的宾语;而这个宾语从句中又包含了两个并列的介词宾语从句:a.whatwe’reabletoputintolife;b.whatwetrytogetoutofit.两个宾语从句由ratherthan连接。译文:至于个人和社会的健康可以以这样的理由来衡量,我们对生活能够付出多少而不是我们能向生活取得多少。11itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.要点:句子的框架是it…becomes…that,if…,therewillhavetobe…。it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句是句子的真正主语,在that从句中,if引导了条件状语从句。译文:因此,如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息,做更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。12expertsaredebatingwhetherweshouldburdenyoungchildrenwithmentalcomputation,orencouragetheuseofcalculatorstorelievechildrenofhardworkandfreetheirmindstounderstandmathconcepts.要点:句子的框架是expertsaredebatingwhetherweshould…,orencourage…。句子的主语部分是expertsaredebating…,而whether…or…引导了宾语从句作谓语动词aredebating的宾语。其中burden…with…是“使…背上负担”之意;在后半句orencouragetheuseofcalculatorstorelievechildrenofhardworkandfreetheirmindstounderstandmathconcepts中,两个并列的不定式短语torelieve…of…和tofree…tounder