freedom1.自由;独立自主反叛者为自由而战斗。Therebelsfoughtforfreedom.2.(使用,行动等的)自由权[theS][(+of)]你可以随意到我家和花园来玩。Youhavethefreedomofmyhouseandgardens.3.免除,解脱[U][(+from)]freedomfromhunger免于饥饿4.直率[U]5.放肆,大胆[U]Theoldpeopleareshockedbythenewfreedominmoviesandnovels.老人们为电影和小说的大胆感到震惊。6.(城市,个人等的)特权[theS][(+of)]civil1.市民的,国民的,公民的;民用的MartinLutherKingwastheleaderofthecivilrightsmovement.马丁·路德·金是民权运动的领袖。2.一般平民的,民间的;文职的;世俗的3.【律】民事的;法定的Itwasacivilcasesotherewasnoquestionofhimbeingsenttoprison.这是一宗民事案件,所以不存在判他监禁的问题。4.彬彬有礼的,客气的;文明的It‘scivilofyoutosayso.你这样说是很有礼貌的。5.国内的theCivilWar.Murdern.1.谋杀,凶杀;谋杀罪[U]Therehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofmurdersonthecity.城里凶杀案件有所减少。Hewasaccusedofmurder.他被指控犯了杀人罪。2.要命的事(指极端不舒服,危险或困难)[U]Hispianoplayingismurder!他的钢琴弹得难听死了!Therushhourtrafficismurder.高峰时间的交通真要命。vt.1.谋杀,凶杀She'llmurderyouwhenshefindsoutwhatyou'vedone.等她发现你干了什么事的时候,她会气得把你给杀了。(口语:气极了)2.扼杀(真理),糟蹋(艺术作品,音乐戏剧等)Theirbadperformancemurderedtheplay.他们糟糕的演出把那个剧本给糟蹋了。3.【口】把...弄糟;破坏,糟蹋4.【口】完全击败vi.杀人,犯杀人罪youthn.1.青春时代,青少年时期[U]Ispentmyyouthinthecountry.我在乡间度过了青少年时代。2.(男)青年,小伙子[C]Therearegroupsofyouthsplayingbasketballoverthere.那里,一群群小伙子正在打篮球。3.青年们4.年轻;朝气;青春[U]Myyouthhasgone.我的青春已不复存在。5.初期;早期[U]Cryonicsisstillinitsyouth.人体冷冻学还处于初始阶段。prisonn.监狱prisoner犯人put…inprison把……投进监狱•那个杀人犯去年被关进监狱。•Themurdererwasputinprisonlastyear.他在狱中待了10年。Hewasinprisonfortenyears.take/sendsb.toprisonthrowsb.intoprison做“监禁状态”时为不可数名词,不用冠词。escapefromprison越狱comeoutofprison出狱beinprison被监禁gotoprison入狱joinhands(withsb.)携手联合他们三个人互相握手,突然大笑。Thethreeofthemjoinedhandsandburstintolaughter.runawayn.1.逃跑,逃亡;私奔[U]Thelovers'runawaycausedtheirparentsmuchpain.这对情侣的私奔给他们的父母带来了很多痛苦。2.(马的)脱缰奔逃3.逃跑者,逃亡者;脱缰奔逃的牲口[C]Theyfailedtofindanytraceoftherunaways.他们未能找到逃跑者的任何踪迹。4.遥遥领先的赛跑;巨大的胜利a.1.逃跑的,逃亡的;私奔的Theparentswereworriedabouttheirrunawaychild.那对父母对他们出走的孩子非常担忧。2.(马等)脱缰奔逃的;控制不住的;发展迅猛的;(物价)飞涨的Atlasthestoppedtherunawayhorse.他终于停住了这匹脱缰之马。3.遥遥领先的;轻易取得的;巨大的Hissecondbookturnedouttobearunawaybest-seller.他的第二本书成了抢手的畅销书。arrestvt.1.逮捕;拘留Hewasarrestedonachargeofmurder.他因谋杀罪被捕。2.阻止,制止Thenewlydevelopeddrughasarrestedthespreadofthedisease.这种新药遏止了疾病的蔓延。3.吸引Thetitleoftheessayarrestedmyattention.那篇文章的题目吸引了我的注意。n.[U][C]1.逮捕;拘留Therobberwasshotdeadresistingarrest.强盗因拒捕而被击毙。2.阻止,遏止3.制动器4.抓住;夺取racen.1.赛跑;比赛,竞赛[C][(+against/between/with)]Heranaracewithme.他同我赛跑。2.赛马大会[theP]3.(江、海的)急流;水道[C]4.(日、月)的运行;(人生的)历程[C]vi.1.比速度;参加竞赛;参加赛马Sometwentybikeswillracefortheprize.约有二十辆自行车参加赛车争夺奖品。2.疾走;全速行进Sheracedtothephone.她飞快地跑向电话。3.(机器因负荷减少而)猛转vt.1.和...竞赛2.使急走,使全速行进;使(发动机)猛转Thetaxi-driverracedmetotheairport.出租车司机驾车将我飞速送到机场。3.使(马等)参加比赛forbid禁止,不许[+v-ing]forbid(forbade,forbidden)vt.禁止,不准,不许★结构:forbidsb.todosth.forbiddoingsth/sth.※permit,allow,advise也有同样用法.Thenewlawforbidssmokinginoffices.新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。Theirfatherforbadethemtogo.他们的父亲禁止他们去。★常见短语有:ForbiddenCity紫禁城;forbiddenzone禁区setanexampleto…=setsb.anexample为……树立榜样(注意介词to,不可错用成for)LiuXianghassetagoodexampletootheryoungplayers.takeanexampleof….以……为例forexample例如giveanexample举例follow/copyone’sexample向某人学习/仿效某人demandn.1.要求,请求[C][(+for)]2.需要,需求Thesupplyofvegetablesfallsshortofdemandthisyear.今年蔬菜供不应求。vt.1.要求,请求[+to-v][+that][(+of)]ThebossdemandedthatMary(should)finishitwithinaweek.老板要求玛丽在一周内完成它。Theydemandedtherighttovote.他们要求选举权。Shedemandedtoseetheheadmaster.她请求见校长。discriminationn.[U]1.辨别,区别thediscriminationbetweenrightandwrong是非的分辨2.识别力,辨别力Thefurnishingsintheirhouseshowedtasteanddiscrimination.他们家的室内陈设显示了主人的审美力和鉴别力。3.不公平待遇,歧视[(+against)]Isthereracialdiscriminationinyourcountry?你们国家是否存在种族歧视?regardlessof=inspiteof/despitepayingnoattentionto(sb./sth)prep.不理会(某人/某物);不顾Hecontinuedspeaking,regardlessofmyfeelingsonthematter.他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续往下说。atfirstsight乍一看,初见之下Atfirstsightthedifficultylooksgreaterthanitreallyis.乍一看来,困难较大。他们一见钟情。Theyfellinloveatfirstsight.atthesightof一看见…..就catch/get/have(lose)sightof看见发现in/within(outof)sight在视线内