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1.Apologizewhennecessary.1)apologizevi.道歉apologizetosb.forsth./doingsth因某事向某人道歉It’saqualitytoapologizetoothersforyourmistake.犯了错向别人道歉是一种修养。译：他因迟到而向老师道歉。_________________________________________.道歉是显示一个人有礼貌的方式。_____________isawaytoshowone’spoliteness.apologyn.道歉makeanapologytosbforsth译：他因迟到而向老师道歉。Heapologizedtohisteacherforcomingtoschoollate.Hemadeanapologytohisteacherforcomingtoschoollate.Toapologize2)该句中的whennecessary为一省略结构。有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步的状语从句，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句的主语和be省略Eg.Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Fillintheblankswiththearticleswhennecessary.Travellightifpossible.When________fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.（see）When________fromthetopofthehill,youcanenjoybeautifulscenery.（see）seeingseen2.forthefirsttime第一次，首次（一般不放在句首）eg.WhenIlearnttodriveforthefirsttime,myheartalmostjumpedtomythroat.译：他第一次被邀请作演讲。Hewasinvitedtogiveaspeechforthefirsttime.比较：thefirsttime第一次，首次（相当于一个连接副词，可用来引导时间状语从句）eg.Shewasattracteddeeplybythestreet-treesthefirsttimeshewenttoZhengzhou.译：他第一次被邀请作演讲时，非常紧张。Thefirsttimehewasinvitedtogiveaspeech,hewasverynervous.名词用作连词1)the+瞬间动词（moment,minute,second,instant）Eg.themachinestartsthemomentthebuttonispressed.2)the+季节名词(spring,summer,autumn,winter)Hecamebacktheautumnhissistergotmarried.3)the+序数词+timeHecametoseemymotherthefirsttimehecametoLondon4)不定代词each,every,any+timeYou’rewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.5)theday,week,year….Hecalledonmethedayhearrived.It/Thisisthefirsttimethat+现在完成时Itwasthefirsttimethat+过去完成时havebeenlateshehadbeenoutalone译：Thisisthefirsttimethatyou____________________(迟到)thisweek.译：Itwasthefirsttimethat______________________（她第一次单独外出）3.(every)nowandthen=(every)nowandagain=sometimes不是地，偶尔译：他们时不时就聚在一起喝啤酒。________________________________________________________.Everynowandthen,they’llhaveabeertogether.4.itch1)v.发痒eg.Iitchedallover.2)n.渴望have/getanitchforsth/doingsth渴望做某事todosth渴望旅行：______________________渴望知识：_______________________getanitchtotravelhaveanitchforknowledgeI’mitchingforgoing.vi.渴望I’mitchingtogo.=______________________________5.should情态动词“万一，如果”在比较正式的文章或致辞中，省略if，将主语和should倒装。Eg.Ifanyoneshouldphone(=______________),pleasetellhimI’mbusy.ShouldanyonephoneIfyoushouldchangeyourmindShouldIseehim译：万一你改变主意，一定要告诉我。___________________________,doletmeknow.如果我见到他，我就告诉他。______________________,I’lltellhim.联想：在虚拟语气中，助动词should,were,had去if后倒装。Eg.IfIwereyou(=_______________),Iwoulddotheworkbetter.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming(=______________________________________),Iwouldhavestayedathome.Ifitshouldraintomorrow(=_____________________________),theyweren'tgoforanouting.WereIyouHadIknownyouwerecomingShoulditraintomorrow6.consider1)考虑:~+n/代/v-ing/从句eg.Wemustconsiderthemattercarefully.SheisconsideringgoingtoBrazil.Haveyouconsideredhowyoucouldachieveyourgoal?Heshouldconsiderwhattodonext.2)认为：consider(tobe/as)…that从句eg.Theyconsiderthatthehardtimewillsoonbeover.Allteachersconsiderhim(tobe/as)agoodstudent.7.get/betiredof+n/v-ing对……感到厌倦/失去兴趣；对……受够了eg.I’mtiredofyourexcuses.EverybodyistiredofyourcomplaintsSheistiredoftalkingtothesepeopleHeistiredwithwalkingAreyoutiredfromrowing?译：大家对你的抱怨感到厌烦了。_______________________________________.和这些人谈话，她已经厌烦了。_______________________________________.be/gettiredfrom/with…由于……而疲倦译：他走累了。_________________________.你划累了吗？___________________________8.cooloff=cooldown变凉，凉快起来，平静下来，冷淡下来我要到树林里去乘凉。I’mgoingtothewoodtocooloff.他对那些人冷淡了许多。Hehascooledoffalottowardsthosepeople.等他冷静下来。Waittillhecoolsoff/down.9.funu.n.:开心事，乐事eg.Hikingisfunandexciting,butyoushouldn’tforgetsafety.Whatfunitistohaveacoldshoweronahotsummerday!Wehadalotoffunonourholidaytriptothesuburbs.10.LocatedinsouthernAustria,Kitzububelisaparadiseforskiers.非谓语作状语______________(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.(while)___________(work)inthefactory,hewasagoodworker.___________________(ill)foralongtime,shewasveryweak.______________(influence)byLeiFeng’sexample,theyoungpioneersdolotsofdeeds.PlayingworkingHavingbeenillInfluenced______________(sleep)lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.______________(catch)intherain,hewaswettotheskin.______________(lose)inthought,healmostranintoacar.______________(absorb)inhiswork,heneglectedfoodandsleep.______________(judge)byheraccent,shemustbefromGuangdong.______________(accord)tothefirstparagraph,whichisright?TosleepCaughtLostAbsorbedJudgingAccording11.guarantee1)vt保证;担保e.g.Thewatchisguaranteedfortwoyears.Iguaranteethatyou’llenjoyyourself.2)n.担保物，抵押品,保证guaranty(法律上)offersthasaguarantee以某物为抵押品guarantor(法律担保人)beguaranteefor12.breath-takingadj.n.+doinge.g.Tigerisa_____________(食肉的)animal.Canadaisa_______________（说英语的）country.MartinLutherKingwasa______________________（爱好和平的）,sohewontheNobelPeacePrize.meat-eatingEnglish-speakingpeace-loving