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Unit19TheMerchantofVeniceTheMerchantofVeniceWarmingup(1564-1616)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚（WilliamShakespeare）1954年4月生于英格兰特拉福德镇(Stratford-Upon-Avon)，父亲叫约翰·莎士比亚（JohnShakespeare），是个手套商人。莎士比亚的父亲在他出生时非常富有，但是后来被控卷入黑市羊毛交易，而家道中落，并失去了市议员的位置。1596年，莎士比亚唯一的儿子Hamnet死亡，于1596年8月11日安葬。很多人相信莎士比亚的名剧《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）就是为了纪念他的儿子的.1597年，莎士比亚把他在特拉福德镇的“一栋家宅、两间畜舍、两个花园、两个果园，和其他所有东西”以60英镑的价格售出，到伦敦，成了一名著名的演员和作家。他最后还成为一家剧团的合伙人——张伯伦勋爵剧团（TheLordChamberlain‘sMen）,是以资助它的贵族的名字命名的。该剧团十分受到欢迎，以至于当伊丽莎白一世去世后，詹姆士一世赞助了它，剧团更名为国王剧团。他得以在伦敦的富人区买了一栋房子，还在家乡特拉福德镇拥有一座最大的住宅。1609年莎士比亚发表了他的十四行诗，其中很多是写给一个神秘的女人（“DarkLady”）和一个男人（“FairLord”）的。他大约在1611年退休，从此之后就再也没有发表其他作品了，直到1616年去世。巧合的是，他与同时代的另一个西班牙大文豪塞万提斯死在同一天。中国著名剧作家汤显祖也于同一年去世。Tragedieso罗密欧与朱丽叶(RomeoandJuliet)o麦克白(Macbeth)o李尔王(KingLear)o哈姆雷特(Hamlet)o奥赛罗(Othello)o考利欧雷诺斯(Coriolanus)o脱爱勒斯与克来西达(TroilusandCressida)雅典的泰蒙(TimonofAthens)诗Comedieso错中错(TheComedyofErrors)o皆大欢喜(All'sWellThatEndsWell)o如愿(AsYouLikeIt)o仲夏夜梦(AMidsummerNight'sDream)o无事生非(MuchAdoAboutNothing)o一报还一报(MeasureforMeasureo第十二夜(TwelfthNightorWhatYouWill)o威尼斯商人(TheMerchantofVenice)o空爱一场(Love'sLabor'sLost)o冬天的故事(TheWinter'sTale)historieso亨利四世，第一卷（HenryIV,part1）o亨利四世，第二卷（HenryIV,part2）o亨利五世（HenryV）o亨利六世，第一卷（HenryVI,part1）o亨利六世，第二卷（HenryVI,part2）o亨利六世，第三卷（HenryVI,part3）o亨利八世（HenryVIII）o约翰国王（KingJohn）o理查德二世（RichardII）o理查德三世（RichardIII）poetry十四行诗（TheSonnets）o爱人的怨诉（ALover'sComplaint）o鲁克丽丝失贞记（TheRapeofLucrece）o维纳斯和阿多尼斯（VenusandAdonis）o热情的朝圣者（ThePassionatePilgrimo凤凰和斑鸠（ThePhoenixandtheTurtle）HamletTobeornottobe:thatisthequestion.Itisaquestionwhethertoliveoninthisworldortodie,thatis,totakeactionortodonothing.Tobeornottobe:thatisthequestion.HamletMeaning:Isitpossibleornot?Ishealiveornot?KingHenryIVUneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.Apersonwhohasgreatresponsibilities,suchasaking,isconstantlyworriedandthereforedoesn'tsleepsoundly.Meaning:Thelifeofleadersisn’teasy.Havingmanyresponsibilities,leadersoftencan’tsleepwell.Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.KingHenryIVNeitheraborrowernoralenderbe.HamletMeaning:becarefultotakeorgivemoneytoothers.You’dbetterbecareful.Romeo&JulietRomeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname…Whymustyoubethesonofmyfamily’sgreatestenemy?Refuseyourfamilyformylove.Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname…Romeo&JulietMeaning:ifonlyyouhadadifferentname,wewouldnothavethisproblemandwouldbetogetherforever.Troilus&CressidaWords,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart.Emptywords,notrealthoughtsorideasfromtheheart.Meaning:it’sallemptywords,andthereisn’tanytruthinthem.Youjusttalk,butyoudon,tmeanit.Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart.ListeningShylockBassanioPortiaAntonioQuestions:1.Inwhichcitydoestheplaytakeplace?2.Howmuchtimepassesbetweenthebeginningoftheplayandtheend?3.HowmuchmoneydoesBassanioneedtomarryPortia?4.WhatmustAntoniogiveShylockifhecan’tpaybackthedebt?Questions:1.Inwhichcitydoestheplaytakeplace?2.Howmuchtimepassesbetweenthebeginningoftheplayandtheend?Venice.Threemonths.4.WhatmustAntoniogiveShylockifhecan’tpaybackthedebt?Threethousandducats.Apoundofflesh.1.Antonio2.Shylock:3.Bassanio4.Portia5.Duke:a.thejudgeb.themoneylenderc.themerchantofVeniced.Antonio’sfriende.Bassanio’swifeTask1MatchthetwocolumnsPortiaShylockBassanioAntonioAntonio:Bassanio:Duke:Shylock:Portia:themoneylenderBassanio’swifeAntonio’sfriendthemerchantofVeniceWhatistheirrelationtotheothercharactersintheplay?thejudgeShylockacruelbusinessmanlendsAntonio3000ducats.PortiaarichandbeautifulwomantomarryBassanio,alsoactsasthelawyer.AntonioAkindmerchantofVeniceborrows3000ducatsfromShylockforBassanio.BassanioAntonio’sbestfriendgetsmarriedwithPortiawiththemoneyborrowedfromShylock.ThedukePresidentofVeniceheadofthecourt.TheMerchantofVeniceAntonioisarichbusinessmanofthecityofVenice.Everyonelikeshimbecauseheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Atthetimeofthisstoryhisshipsareallatseatotradewithforeigncountries.Bassanio,Antonio’sbestfriends,isinlovewithPortia.Portiaisarichandbeautifullady.ShelovesBassaniobuttheycannotgetmarriedbecauseheistoopoor.ThenBassanioasksAntoniotolendhimthreethousandducats.BeingshortofmoneyjustthenAntoniogoestoShylocktoborrowthemoney,ShylockhasalwayshatedAntonio,becauseAntoniohasofteninpublicshownhowcruelandterribleShylockis.ShylockagreestolendAntoniothemoney,butAntoniomustpromisetoallowShylocktotakeapoundoffleshfromanypartofhisbodyifhecannotpaythemoneybackafterthreemonths.Antonioagreestothis,takesthemoneyandgivesittoBassanio.OnthedayBassanioandPortiagetmarried,theyreceivealetterfromAntoniosayingthatallhisshipshavebeenlostatsea.NowhehimselfdoesnothaveenoughmoneytopaybackthethreethousandducatsandsohemustgiveShylockonepoundofhisflesh.PortiathinksofacleverplantosaveAntonio.sheasksagoodfriendwhoisadoctoroflaw,tolendhersomeofhislawyer’sclothesandbooks.Dressedasalawyer,shearrivesatthecourtoftheDuke,whereAntoniocaseisdecided.AstheDukeiswonderingwhattodo,Portiagiveshimaletterfromthefamouslawyerwhomshehasvisited.IntheletteritsaysthatPortiaisalearnedyoungdoctorfromRomewhoisyoungbutverywise.TheDukeacceptsPortiatotaketheplaceofthefamous