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Unit19HowmuchdoyouknowaboutWilliamShakespeare?AboutWilliamShakespeare：WilliamShakespeare（1564～1616）英国著名戏剧家和诗人。出生于沃里克郡斯特拉特福镇的一个富裕市民家庭，曾在当地文法学校学习。13岁时家道中落辍学经商，约1586年前往伦敦。先在剧院门前为贵族顾客看马，后逐渐成为剧院的杂役、演员、剧作家和股东。1597年在家乡购置了房产，一生的最后几年在家乡度过。莎士比亚是16世纪后半叶到17世纪初英国最著名的作家（本·琼斯称他为“时代的灵魂”），也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。他共写有37部戏剧，154首14行诗，两首长诗和其他诗歌。其主要成就是戏剧，按时代、思想和艺术风格的发展，可分为早、中、晚3个时期。WilliamShakespearewasbornin1564inStratfordontheriverAvonanddiedtherein1616.Hisfatherwasaprosperousbusinessman.HewasbroughtupinacomfortablehouseonHenleyStreetalongwithseveralsmallbrothersandsisters.Shakespeare’sBirthplace:Stratford斯特拉特福德IntroductionTheplayTheMerchantofVenicebyWilliamShakespeare,wasprobablywrittenaround1596.WilliamShakespearefirstcametonoticein1592asaplaywright(剧作家)inLondon.Asaplaywrighthewrotetragedies,comediesandhistoricalplays,andasapoethewrotenarrativepoems(叙事诗)andsonnets(十四行诗).Hisfamousplaysincludethefollowing:Comedies(喜剧）Tragedies(悲剧）Historicalplays(历史剧）Comedies•TheKingHenryIV亨利四世•AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏梦之夜•TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人•TwelfthNight(WhatYouWill)第十二夜•All’sWellThatEndsWell皆大欢喜Tragedies•RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶•Hamlet哈姆莱特•Othello奥赛罗•KingLear李尔王•Macbeth麦克白HenryIVKingJohnHenryVIII……《亨利八世》《亨利四世》《约翰王》HistoricalplaysWarming-upMatchthemeaningwiththequotationandtheplay.“Tobeornottobe;thatisaquestion.”“Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown王冠”HamletKingHenryⅣRomeoandJulietTroilusandCressida“Romeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname…”“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe.”“Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromheart.”HamletTobeornottobe:thatisthequestion.“Tobeornottobe:thatisthequestion”Meaning:Thatisaquestionwhethertoliveoninthisworldortodie,thatis,totakeactionortodonothing.“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe”Meaning:Itisbestnottolend(money)toothersandnottoborrowfromothers.Whenwelendsth,werisklosingboththethingwelendandthefriendshipwiththeotherperson.KingHenryIVUneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.“Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.”Meaning:Apersonwhohasgreatresponsibility,suchasaking,isconstantly经常地worriedandthereforedoesn’tsleepsoundly非常好.Romeo&JulietRomeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname…“Romeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname…”Meaning:Whymustyoubethesonofmyfamily’sgreatestenemy?Refuseyourfamilyformylove..Troilus&Cressida特洛伊罗斯&克雷西达Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart.“Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart”Meaning:Itisallemptywords,andthereisn’tanytruthinthem.Youjusttalk,butyoudon’tmeanit.Whymustyoubethesonofmyfamily’sgreatestenemy?Refuseyourfamilyformylove.Ifonlyyouhadadifferentname,wewouldnothavethisproblem.Furtherdiscussion:---WeallknowthestoryofRomeo&Juliet,intheplaytheloversdidn'thaveahappyendingbecauseofrevenge报仇,复仇.IfyouwereJuliet’sfather,inordertoletyourdaughterliveahappylife,doyouwanttogiveuptherevenge?DoyouwanttohavemercyonRomeo?AfteryouforgiveRomeo,thereisanothermanwholovesJulietverymuch.What’smore,heisricherthanRomeo,butJulietdoesn’tlovehim,willyoumarryyourdaughtertohiminsteadofRomeo?VSIthappenseverywherearoundtheworld:twoyoungpeopleloveeachother,butwhentheboyispoorordoesn'thaveagoodjob,oftentheparentsofthegirldon’tallowthemtogetmarried.LoveversusMoneyMaybeyouevenknowsomeexamplesinyourhometown.Aretheparentsright?Ifnot,whatdoyouthinkaboutthesituationlikethat?Whatshouldbedone?Discussion: