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五大句型一.S(主语）+Vi（不及物动词）Flowersbloom.(花开）Manybeautifulflowersbloominthegarden.SVi.修饰语SVi修饰语Itrained.ItrainedheavilylastnightSViSVi修饰语修饰语BirdscanflyS.Viquickly.Adv.副词inthesky.Adv.副词短语whenevertheylike.状语从句修饰语句型一常与修饰语连用，有下列的变化句式A.S+Vi.+Adv.(副词不是句子的主要结构，可增可减）•Shewentupstairs.•Timeflieslikeanarrow.光阴似箭。B.There+Vi+SThereisalamponthedesk.C.S+Vi+介词+O.不及物动词没有被动式但加了介词后，也有被动式：Everybodylaughedatme.Iwaslaughedatbyeverybody.D.S.+Vi+to+V.Hestoppedtotakearest.Weagreedtojointhem.•PatternII句型二.•S+V-link+Predicative表语•a.Heisadoctor.•b.Sugartastesgood.•c.Theleavesturnedred.V-link系动词:seem,appear似乎feel,look,sound,smell,taste表感觉或心理,become,come,go,get,growrun,turn,fall(变得)remain,continue,stay,keep(仍保持),PatternIII句型三:S+Vt.+O宾语a.Iwrotealetter.b.Theresultdisappointsme.c.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.d.Mywatchneedsrepairing.e.Ihopetoseemyfriend.f.Idon’tknowwhattodo.g.Doyouknowwherehelives?PatternIV:句型四S+Vt.+I.O.(间宾)+D.O.(直宾)a.Heboughtmeabook.b.Tellmewhathesaid.c.Thesungivesusmuchlightandheat.=Thesungivesmuchheattous.d.Iwillbuyyouabicycle.=Iwillbuyabicycleforyou.e.Heaskedmeaquestion.=Heaskedaquestionofme.注①：这种结构中的谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词，它们可以分为两类：第一类：give,show,send,bring,offer,read,pass,lend,leave,tell,hand,return,write,pay,throw,allow,wish,teach,promise,owe,refuse等。a.Heofferedmeadrink.=Heofferedadrinktome.b.Themandeliveredhertheletter.=Themandeliveredthelettertoher.c.Shetaughtthemasong.=Shetaughtasongtothem.第二类：make,buy,do,fetch,get,paint,play,save,reserve,spare,order,cook,sing,find等。注②：间接宾语有时可以改成一个由to或for引导的短语，这在意思上没有什么差别：I’llreturnyouthebooktomorrow.→I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.ShemadeanewdressforMary.→ShemadeMaryanewdress.注③：第一类可以改为由to引导的短语；第二类可以改为由for引导的短语。注④：间接宾语用介词词组表示的场合：a.对间接宾语加以强调时：I’veboughtitforyou,notformyself.I’llhandthislettertothesecretaryandnottothedirector.b.当直接宾语是一个人称代词时：I’llsendittoyoutomorrow.You’dbetterhanditdirectlytotheheadmaster.c.当直接宾语比间接宾语短时：Sheshowedthepicturetothestudentssittingnearher.d.当间接宾语置于句首时：Whodidyousenditto?TohimItoldthestory,nottohisbrother.e.当间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词时：Hegaveittome.I’lllendthemtoyou.PatternV句型五:S+Vt.+O.+O.C.a.WeelectedhimChairman.b.Ifoundaroomempty.c.Heaskedmetotakeoffmyshoes.d.Icaughtthemfightingeachother.e.Imusthavemyhaircut.类似动词see/hear/feel/keep/leave/find/catch/make/have/get完全句和不完全句：完全句：至少含有主谓结构的句子。不完全句：不具备完整“主谓结构的句子。1。--Whereisthevase?---Onthetable.2.---Whendidyouarrive?---Lastnight.3.Nosmoking.(单部句）4.Help!5.Nospittinginpublicplaces!6.Noparking!不完整句或单部句并不依靠上下文，而仅依靠具体的语境。指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分：1.Ontheleftofmyhouseisanoldchurch.2.Whycouldtheboilingpointofwaterbeloweratthetopofamountain?3.Iamnotgoingtoworktoday.4.Thisthingisforpeelingpotatoes.5.Whattimewillyouarrive?6.TheGeniepromisedthatifanyoneshouldcomeandsethimfree,hewouldmakehimveryrich.7.Whatnationalityareyou?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv.O.C.Predicative8.Icouldn’tunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.9.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.10.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.11.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.12.I’llbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.13.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.14.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees.AdverbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.