高二英语课件高二英语独立主格高二英语课件

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独立主格结构一、独立主格结构含义独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absoluteconstruction)。它在句法上游离于句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何句法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。二、独立主格结构的形式独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作1)名词/代词+形容词Iheardthatshegotinjuredintheaccident,myheartfullofworry.Hestoodsilentinthemoon-light,hisdooropen.2)名词/代词+现在分词Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.Therainhavingstopped,hewentoutforawalk.3)名词/代词+过去分词Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.、Theboystoodthere,hisrighthandraised.4)名词/代词(主格)+不定式Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.Thetwoboyssaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotohisfriend's.5)名词/代词十介词短语Thehuntsmanenteredtheforest,guninhand.注意:这里,guninhand还可以说成withaguninhishand,但不可以说aguninhand或guninhishand。6)名词/代词十副词Nobodyin,thethieftookalotofthingsaway.Lunchover,heleftthehouse.Buthewasthinking.7)名词/代词+名词Hefoughtthewolf,astickhisonlyweapon.8)with复合结构它的构成是:“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当,宾补由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词:现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。Eg:Withpricesgoingupsofast,wecan‘taffordluxuries.(原因状语)Withthecrowdscheering,theydrovetothepalace.(伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词:过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。Eg:Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.表时间Shehadtowalkhomewithherbikestolen.(原因状语)3.with+名词(或代词)+形容词例如:1)Iliketosleepwiththewindowsopen.(伴随情况)2)Withtheweathersocloseandstuffy,tentooneit‘llrainpresently.大气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。(原因状语)4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语例:1)Withthechildrenatschool,wecan'ttakeourvacationwhenwewantto.由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。(原因状语)2)Thesoldierhadhimstandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(行为方式)5.with+名词(或代词)+副词例如:1)Hefellasleepwiththelighton(伴随情况).2)Theboystoodtherewithhisheaddown.这个男孩低头站在那儿。(伴随情况)6.with+名词(或代词)+动词不定式:不定式表将发生的动作。例如:1)Withnoonetotalkto,Johnfeltmiserable.(原因状语)2)Withalotofworktodo,hewasn'tallowedtogoout.(原因状语)巩固练习:1.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.(NMET2000)A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through2.Theweather___sobad,wehadtoputthegameoff.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being3.Theboyseatedhimselfinthecornerwithhisback____tohisfather.A.turningB.toturnC.tobeturnedD.turned4.There____noclassesyesterday,wepaidavisittotheGreatWall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.hadbeen5.Theproblem____,themeetingcametotheend.A.settledB.wassettledC.beingsettledD.setting6.Shewastoonervoustospeakwithsomanyeyes______onher.A.fixingB.fixedC.tobefixedD.werefixed7.____,thegirlsracedontothesecondrunners.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands8.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes____andhishands____.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembledThemurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.(MET'91)A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

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