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ThePastParticipleusedasAdverbialThepastParticipleasAdverbial过去分词短语作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等，分别相当于一个状语从句。与主句主语是被动关系，表示完成或被动的动作。a)作伴随(或方式)状语①Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.②Hewentintothethickforest,guidedbytheoldman.b)作原因状语Movedbyhiswords,Iacceptedhispresent.c)作时间状语Askedifhehadanydifficulties,hemadenoanswer.Seenfromthehill,myhometownlooksverybeautiful.d)作条件状语Givenmoretime,theycoulddoitbetter.Takenintime,themedicinewillbequiteeffective.①(Ashewas)Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.②(Ashewas)EncouragedbyJim’swords,hecontinuedhisresearchwork.③(If/Whenitis)Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksverybeautiful.④(If/Whenweare)Comparedwithdevelopedcountries,westillhavealongwaytogo.强调过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，分词用havingbeendone，也可用done代替。①Havingbeenbeatenseriously,theenemyretreated.②Havingbeenwritteninahurry,theessaywasnotworthreading.③(Havingbeen)Givensuchagoodchance,hewouldn’tmissit.过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；过去分词动作与句子主语是被动关系。①Finishedinahurry,weweren’tsatisfiedwiththeessay.②Questionedbythepoliceman,thethief’slegsshook.Finishedinahurry,theessaydidn’tsatisfyus.Questionedbythepoliceman,thethiefwasnervous.Page30Ex3:1.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.2.Ashewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceived…3.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeableto…4.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecame…5.Since/Asshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.6.Although/Thoughhewasleftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.分词的独立主格结构当动作的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己的独立主语，二者构成独立主格结构。其构成为：名词或代词的主格+分词其功能为：在句中作状语其位置为：句首，句中或句末Ourhomeworkdone,wewenthome.（时间）Theboylayonhisside,hiseyesclosed.（伴随）Herglassesbroken,shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.（原因）Toomuchtimegiven,hewoulddoitbetter.（条件）Timereduced,hefinishedtheworkontime.(让步）